Scribd
Upload
15 views47 pages

Unit11 Physics

Energy is defined as the ability to perform work and exists in various forms, primarily kinetic and potential. Fossil fuels, which are non-renewable energy resources formed from ancient organic matter, account for the majority of electricity generation, while renewable sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power are increasingly being utilized. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Uploaded by

nguntinpar.noami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views47 pages

Unit11 Physics

Energy is defined as the ability to perform work and exists in various forms, primarily kinetic and potential. Fossil fuels, which are non-renewable energy resources formed from ancient organic matter, account for the majority of electricity generation, while renewable sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power are increasingly being utilized. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Uploaded by

nguntinpar.noami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 47

Energy is the ability to perform work.

Energy can
neither be created nor destroyed, and it can only be
transformed from one form to another. The unit of
Energy is the same as of Work, i.e. joules. Energy is
found in many things, and thus there are different types
of energy.
All forms of energy are either kinetic or potential. The
energy in motion is known as Kinetic Energy, whereas
Potential Energy is the energy stored in an object and is
measured by the amount of work done.
The work done by a force is a measurement of the energy transfer
that occurs when a force is applied on an object, causing it to
move.
Formula: Work done = Force (N) x Displacement in the direction of the force (m)

Simplified formula: W = Fs

SI Unit: joule (J)


11.1 How We Use Energy
Ans ; Carbohydrate and fat
Sunlight
Question
4 Study the bar chart. The average energy consumption per person around
the world is 2.2 units. In which regions or countries do people use more than this?
Where do we get energy?

5 Main Sources of Energy


Our electricity generation is split like this:

1. Fossil Fuels at 62.7%, this includes natural gas, coal,


and petroleum.

2. Natural gas: 38.4%

3. Coal: 23.5%

4. Petroleum and other gases: 0.8%

5. Nuclear: 19.7%

6. Renewables: 17.5%, including wind, hydropower,


biomass, and solar.

7. Other: 0.3%
11.2 Fossil Fuels

Ans; a oil
b about 80%
Ans; 2 Kinetic energy
3 Chemical energy Heat energy
Petrol (gasoline) – C8H18
Diesel -- C12H23
Kerosene _ C12H26
Ans; Fossil fuels are stored of chemical energy ;this energy is originally light
energy from the Sun ;but it is not stored in the form of light.
Fossil fuels
Coal, oil and natural gas are fossil fuels. We get these fuels
from deep under the Earth’s surface. Fossil fuels formed
millions of years ago.
They were produced when plants and microscopic organisms
died in swamps and bogs. Their bodies did not decay .Instead,
they turned into coal, oil or gas. Today, only tiny quantities of
new fossil fuels are forming. We are using them up quickly. One
day , we will run out of fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resources. Non-
renewable means that, when we use them, they are not being
made again.
Many things in the home use energy to make them work. Most of these use
energy from electricity .The electricity is made in power stations . Many
power stations use coal or gas to make the electricity .
Exercise 11.2 How fossil fuels are formed

a Use what you have learned about food chain to explain how the sea
creatures get their energy.
Ans; Plants grow using the energy of sunlight. Animals eat the plants and
store energy from them.
b Use the idea of density of density to explain why the dead creatures sink to
the seabed.
Ans; The dead sea creatures are denser than sea water, so they sink.
c Over million of years , the dead creatures are squashed. Use
the idea of pressure to explain this.
Ans; The weight of sand and water above the sea creatures creates
high pressure, which compresses them.

d Gas and oil form from the dead creatures. The gas and oil
are trapped under layers of rock. Use the idea of density to explain
this.
Ans; The gas has a lower density than the oil, so it rises above the
oil.

e What form of energy is stored by these fossil fuels?


Ans; Fossil fuels are a store of chemical energy.
Someone say When we burn coal , we are using the energy of ancient
Sunlight.
Write a scientific explanation of what this mean.
Ans; The tree use light energy from the Sun in photosynthesis to make
stored of chemical energy in their wood.
The tree are gradually converted to coal by the pressure of the
material that presses down on top of them.
The coal still stores the chemical energy from the trees; this energy
came originally from sunlight.
11.3 Renewables and non-renewables
Wind Power
• The wind can turn a windmill. Nowadays,
wind turbines are used to generate
electricity.
• Wind power is good renewable ,clean and
free source of energy for power
production.
• Reduce dependence on fossil fuels
including imported oils.
• Reduce emission of greenhouse gas
and other pollutants.
• One major concern is the noise- be
improved.
Water Power
A river can turn a mill wheel. If the river is
dammed, the water can be used to turn
turbines connected to generators – this is
hydroelectricity. Waves and tidal currents can
also be used to generate electricity.
Solar Power
The sun’s ray can be used to heat water. This can also be used to generate
electricity using photovoltaic(solar cell).
Biofuels
Wood is a biofuel that many people around the world rely on. Crops,
such as maize and sugarcane, can be harvested and fermented to
produced liquid fuel for cars and trucks.
Biomass energy is produced from organic materials which come from
living organisms such as plants and animals. Fuel that is derived from
the decomposition of organic material is also termed as biomass fuel.
Geothermal Energy
• Geothermal Energy is the heat from the Earth. It’s clean and sustainable.
• It found a few miles beneath the Earth’s surface, and down even deeper to the
extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
• Geothermal heat pumps can tap into these resources to heat and cool
buildings.
Ans; 1 wind turbines, hydroelectricity, solar cells and biofuels.
2 solar cell: light energy electrical energy
wind turbines: kinetic energy electrical energy
Ans; 3. The wind will continue to blow in the future (through with variable strength)
4. Uranium is a non-renewable resource because, once it has been used , it
will not be replaced by new uranium in the ground.
Principle of Conversation of Energy

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed .


It can only be changed from one form
to another.
• In any change, there is the same amount
of energy after the change as there was
before the change.
A farmer wants to use solar power to reduce the cost of his
electricity. He buys a solar cell and puts it on his roof.
a Is solar power renewable or non-renewable? Explain your
answer.
b Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using the solar
cell rather than electricity generated in a coal-fired power
station.

You might also like