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LecturesChapmanChapter2Transformer1 - Types & Construction

Transformers are devices that change AC electric power from one voltage level to another without affecting the actual power, allowing for efficient long-distance power transmission. They consist of coils of wire wrapped around a ferromagnetic core, with primary and secondary windings for input and output. Transformers step up voltage for transmission and step down voltage for safe use in homes and businesses, with various types including unit, substation, distribution, potential, and current transformers.

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9 views16 pages

LecturesChapmanChapter2Transformer1 - Types & Construction

Transformers are devices that change AC electric power from one voltage level to another without affecting the actual power, allowing for efficient long-distance power transmission. They consist of coils of wire wrapped around a ferromagnetic core, with primary and secondary windings for input and output. Transformers step up voltage for transmission and step down voltage for safe use in homes and businesses, with various types including unit, substation, distribution, potential, and current transformers.

Uploaded by

i221811
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformer

Transformers and Daily Life


• The first power distribution system was a 120-V dc system

• generated and transmitted power at low voltages needing large


currents

• Currents caused huge voltage drops and power losses

• restricting the service area

• generating stations had to be small and localized


– inefficient
Transformers and Daily Life
• Invention of transformer eliminated these restrictions

• T/F changes one ac voltage level to another without affecting actual


power

• T/F steps up voltage level, current must decrease


– Must be stepped down later for use

• Thus large power stations with long transmission distances


Types And Construction Of Transformers
Transformer
• Transformer: device that
– changes ac electric power at one frequency and voltage level
– to ac electric power at same frequency and another voltage level
– through action of magnetic field

• Consists of two or more coils of wire wrapped around a common


ferromagnetic core

• coils (usually) not directly connected


– only connection: common magnetic flux

• One winding connected to source: primary winding or input winding


• Second connected to loads: secondary winding or output winding

• A possible third winding: tertiary winding


Transformers and Daily Life
• Power generated at 12 to 25 kV.

• Transformers step up voltage to between 110 kV and nearly 1000 kV


for transmission over long distances at very low losses

• Transformers step down voltage to 12- to 34.5-kV range for local


distribution

• Even more transformers step down voltage to as low as 120 V


– for safe use in homes, offices, and factories
Types And Construction Of Transformers
• Two types of cores
• Core type
– a rectangular laminated piece of steel
– windings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle
Types And Construction Of Transformers
• Shell type
– three-legged laminated core
– windings wrapped around the center leg
Types And Construction Of Transformers
Types And Construction Of Transformers
Types And Construction Of Transformers
Types And Construction Of Transformers
Types And Construction Of Transformers
Types And Construction Of Transformers

Unit Transformer

Distribution
Substation Transformer
Transformer
Types And Construction Of Transformers
• Transformer connected to output of a generator called unit
transformer

• Transformer at other end of transmission line called substation


transformer.

• Transformer that steps down to final voltage called a distribution


transformer

• Special transformer that convert a high voltage and produce a low


secondary voltage called potential transformer

• Special transformer that steps down current called current


transformer

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