Introduction

Fundamentals Power BI
Desktop

Petronas (Kerteh)
Your Instructor

• LENG Chee Kong

• [email protected]
• 0192133329
Overview

Introduction to business intelligence

Introduction to data analysis
Data Discovery with Power BI Desktop
Reports Creation
Information Sharing
• Mobile BI
Training Schedule

Duration: 2 Days
Training Hours: 9am~5pm
• Lunch Break:
• Monday ~ Thursday: 12:30pm~1:30pm (1 Hour)
• Friday: 12:30pm~2:30pm (2 Hours)

• Short Breaks:
• Morning: 10:30am~10:45am
• Afternoon: 3:30pm~3:45pm
What is BI?

Wisdo
m

Knowledg
e

Information
BI
DBMS

Data
Business intelligence scenarios

• Big data is the result of data generated by the

internet, social media, and e-commerce:
• Data is constantly being gathered for commercial use
• Data is constantly growing in size
• Reporting:
• Extracting data and presenting it to enable decision-
making
• Show metrics for organizational performance
• Analysis:
• Evaluating data to discover insights
• Data should answer questions, but quickly becomes
outdated
• Collaboration:
• Business analysts need to share data for decision-making
Trends in business intelligence

• BI trend is moving away from analyzing

historical data, towards real-time analytics
and predictions:
• Self-service reporting and analysis:
• Self-service has existed since the invention of
spreadsheets
• Widespread adoption of Excel and the use of power
tools
• Enables independence from IT, quick to produce
reports
• Increasing adoption of BI:
• Organizations of all sizes gathering data and statistics
• Essential to react to trends and remain competitive
• Availability of out-of-the-box solutions:
• Solutions from Tableau, Qlik, Microsoft, Salesforce, and
Power 4

• Power Query
• Power Pivot
• Power View
• Power Map
Process in using Power BI

Link to
Data
Source

Transform
Share
Data

Prepare
Load Data
Dashboard

Establish
Publish to
Relationshi
Cloud
p

Prepare
Report
Business intelligence project roles

• Developing BI solutions requires upfront

planning
• Each role in the project performs a vital
function:
• Program manager
• Data architect
• Technical architect
• BI developer
Enterprise BI data models

• Create a consistent view of data elements

and their relationships in the organization
• Set standards and use naming conventions
• Comprise a logical and physical model
• Semantic model gives meaning to the data
Introduction to data analysis

Data sources
Queries
Data transformations
Visualization
• Demonstration: Importing data with Power
BI Desktop
Data sources

• The location, or repository, of the data for

your BI solution
• Traditionally used ETL process, now held:
• On-premises
• In the cloud
• In files
Queries

• Commands you run against the data

source to specify the data to extract:
• Return entire tables or run a query against the
source
• Use stored procedures against SQL Server
databases
• Only return the data that you need

• Expressions used to transform data:

• M Query Language:
• Use in Power Query Editor
• Generate using menu options or edit query directly
• DAX:
• Use in Power BI Desktop
• Derived from MDX and Excel formulas
Data transformations

• Data must be transformed from its form in

the data source into a compatible format
for your reports:
• Cleaning
• Formatting
Visualization

• Human eye recognizes patterns

• Easier to see anomalies in charts and maps
than tables
• Visualizations reveal patterns, clusters, and
outliers
• Help make fast decisions about data
• Eliminates the need for the brain to
process
raw numbers
Introduction to data visualization

Charts
Cards
Maps
Tables
Tree maps
Formatting charts
• Demonstration: Visualizing data with Power
BI Desktop
Charts

• Power BI Desktop includes a wide range of

all the common chart types used in data
analysis:
• Bar and column charts
• Line and area charts
• Line and column charts
• Funnel charts
• Scatter charts
• Bubble charts
• Pie charts
• Donut charts
Cards

• Present most important data first:

• If users normally read left to right and top to bottom,
show most important data in top left
• Use card, multirow card, and KPI visuals to present
important figures clearly and efficiently
• Card chart:
• Displays a single numeric value, such as Total Sales
• Optionally displays data label and title
• Multirow card chart:
• Shows multiple numeric values, useful for small datasets,
such as Main Category and Total Sales
• Optionally include the data labels and a chart title
• KPI
• Visualize a business objective and show progress towards
the goal
Maps

• Power BI integrates with Bing to identify

location
• Map chart:
• Represents data as proportionally sized, color-
coded bubbles
• Good for data based on cities

• Filled map chart:

• Uses shading across a region; darker shades for
higher numbers, or rather, high density
• Useful for demographic data

• ArcGIS map chart:

• Uses points, areas, clusters, heat maps
• Can analyze your data against demographic
Tables

• Display data in columns and rows:

• Useful for displaying numeric data, such as
financial
• Each numeric column is aggregated

• Table:
• Best for small datasets
• Includes very little visual formatting
• Data must be read to be understood
• Consumes a lot of space on the report canvas

• Matrix:
• Can add rows, columns, and values
• Can enable drilldown
Tree maps

• The tree map functionality represents a

tree, even though it doesn’t look like one:
• Data represented as a rectangle or branch
• Branch can be further divided into nested
rectangles, or leaves of the branch
• Represents data hierarchically
• Efficient use of space
• Flattens data to show two layers—for example,
sales by country, with each county broken into
territories
• No need to drill down to see this data
Formatting charts

• All charts can be customized with colors and

borders:
• Show or hide a chart title, change font color and size
• Set X and Y position, width and height of each chart
• Show or hide axis, data labels, or legends
• Set colors of data points—for example all columns—or by
each value
• Add shapes, text boxes, and images:
• Use shapes to group related visuals
• Use text boxes to add headers or create hyperlinks
• Add corporate logos, pictures, or photos to enhance report
• Right-click bar or line: drill down to underlying
records
• Customize tooltips by adding extra fields
• Quick measures quickly change the aggregation on
Overview of self-service BI

Data explosion
Limitations of managed enterprise BI
• Self-service BI trend
Self-service BI trend

• Big data:
• Less about being big, more about an
organization’s ability to extract useful insights
• Users need to combine data from various
sources
• Data analysis needs to be done quicker

• Self-service BI:
• Business users can access corporate data and
perform analysis without possessing technical
skills
• Popularity driven by:
• Excel power tools
• Increase in affordable solutions from software
Microsoft tools for self-service BI

SQL Server Reporting Services

Excel
SharePoint Online
Power BI Desktop
• Power BI Report Server
SQL Server Reporting Services

• Part of the SQL Server family:

• Reporting element of the Microsoft BI stack
• Installed on stand-alone, dedicated server
• Secured using Windows Authentication/AD
• Reports created by:
• SSRS developers using Report Designer in Visual
Studio
• Business users using Report Builder

• Data cached on server to speed report

generation
• Users subscribe to report schedules
Excel

• The addition of the three power tools to

Excel was the key driver in growing the self-
service BI trend:
• Power Pivot: work with millions of rows, model
data with DAX, create relationships, measures
and KPIs
• Power Query: renamed Get & Transform in Excel
2016. Import data from external data sources,
including local files, on-premises and cloud
databases, SaaS providers, and Hadoop.
Transform, format, and combine data. Share
queries using Power BI Data Catalog
• Power View: create interactive visualizations,
drill down into data, create new relationships, and
SharePoint Online

• Share Power BI reports in SharePoint

Online:
• Publish Power BI report
• Get URL for published report
• Add Power BI web part to SharePoint page
• Set report link property to report URL

• Power BI security settings maintained in

SharePoint Online
Power BI Desktop

• Share many Excel power tool features

• Data sources: include files, on-premises
databases, cloud data sources, and SaaS
providers
• Transformation: apply same transformations and
formatting in Power Query Editor as with Excel
• Reports: create stunning reports for publication
• Dashboards: create dashboards using tiles from
different reports and share them with colleagues
• Power BI Mobile: app for iOS and Android
Power BI Report Server

• On-premises report server for in-house

reporting
• Uses SSRS reporting tools
• Functionality of SSRS, and more
• Hosts:
• Power BI reports
• Paginated reports
• Mobile reports

• Requires an instance of SQL Server during

configuration stage
Different Between Types of Virtual
Columns
Data Loading Reporting
M-Script based DAX based
Evaluated during Transformation Evaluated during report
rendering
Data Stored after transformation Store only formula
Need more memory/storage Need less memory/storage
Faster display Slower display
Cannot use DAX functions Can use DAX functions
Measures are no meaning here Can use measures
After generated, it is like other The value rendered is context how
loaded fields its is applied
 Dashboard

Dashboard #1 User Group #1

Dashboard #2 User Group #2

Report #2 Report #n
Report #1
Local Machine

PowerBI Project
After Deploy to Cloud

PowerBI Project
What’s Next?

• Explore more Visual Elements and learn

how to use each of those elements
properties
• Study deeper the DAX
• If Direct Query is needed, learn SQL’s
Select statements
(www.w3schools.com/sql)
• Data Gateway
• Report Server
• PowerApps
• R and Python Languages