PM SHRI KV
BHANDUP, MUMBAI
Topic:- Number
System
Presented by:- Submitted
Anil to:-
VijayBahadhur Mrs. Swati
Mallah ma’am
Objective
1. Understand the concept of number systems.
2. Distinguish between non-positional and positional
number systems.
3. Describe the decimal, binary, OCTAL and
HEXADECIMAL system.
4. Convert a number in binary, octal or hexadecimal to a
number in the decimal system.
5. Convert a number in the decimal system to a number
in binary, octal and hexadecimal.
6. Convert a number in binary to octal and vice versa.
7. Convert a number in binary to hexadecimal and vice
versa.
Introduction
A Number System (or system of numeration) is
a writing system for expressing numbers, that is
a mathematical notation for representing
numbers of a given set, using digits or other
symbols in a consistent manner.
Ideally, a numeral system will Represent a useful
set of numbers (e.g. all integers, or rational
numbers) Give every number represented a
unique representation (or at least a standard
representation)
Reflect the algebraic and arithmetic structure of
the numbers.
Types of Number System
I. Positional Number
II. Non-Positional Number
Positional Number-
In a Positional Number System there are only a few
symbols called represent different values, depending on the
position they occupy in a number. The value of each digit in
such a number is determined by three considerations
a. The digit itself
b. The position of the digit in the
number
c. The base of the number
system(where base is defined as the total number of
digits available in the number
system)
Non-positional Number-
In This system we have symbols such as I for 1,II for
Types of positonal Number System
The word
The Binary binary
System(base 2) is derived from the
Latin root bini (or two by two). In this
system the base b = 2 and we use only
two symbols
S ={1,0}
The symbols in this system are often
referred to as binary digits or bits (binary
digit).
The Decimal System(base 10)
The word decimal is derived from the
Latin root decem (ten). In this system
the base b = 10 and we use ten
symbols
s={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
Example:-
1 2 7 510
0
5 x 10 = 5 x 1 = 5
1
7 x 10 = 7 x 10 = 70
2
2 x 10 = 2 x 100 = 200
3
1 x 10 = 1 x 1000 = 1000
------
1275 10
The Octal System(base 8)
The word octal is derived from the Latin root octo
(eight). In this system the base b = 8 and we use
eight symbols to represent a number. The set of
symbols is
S={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
The base of the octal number system
is eight, so each position of the octal
number represents a successive power
of eight. From right to left
The Hexadecimal System(base 16)
The word hexadecimal is derived from the
Greek root hex (six) and the Latin root
decem (ten). In this system the base b = 16
and we use sixteen symbols to represent a
number. The set of symbols is
S={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F}
Note that the symbols A, B, C, D, E, F are
equivalent to 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15
respectively. The symbols in this system are
often referred to as hexadecimal digits.
Common Number Systems
Used by Used in
System Base Symbols humans? computer
s?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No
Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9, No No
decimal A, B, …
F
Quantities/Counting (1 of 2)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
Quantities/Counting (2 of 2)
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E Etc
15 1111 17 F
Conversion Among Bases
The possibilities:
Octal
Decimal
Hexadecim
Binary al
Quick Example
2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916
Base
Binary to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight”
of the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
Add the results
Example
1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Octal to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight”
of the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
Add the results
Example
7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
Hexadecimal to Decimal
Technique
Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the
“weight” of the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
Add the results
Example
ABC16=>
Cx 160 = 12x1 = 12
Bx 161 = 11x16 = 176
A x 162 = 10x256= 2560
274810
Decimal to Binary
Technique
Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant
bit)
Second remainder is bit 1
Etc.
Example 2 125
12510 = ?2 2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
1 1
12510 = 11111012
Octal to Binary
Technique
Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent
binary representation
Example
7058 = ?2
7 0 5
111 000 101
7058 = 1110001012
Hexadecimal to Binary
Technique
Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit
equivalent binary representation
Example
10AF16 = ?2
1 0 A F
0001 0000 1010 1111
10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Decimal to Octal
Technique
Divide by 8
Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8
8 1234
154 2
8
19 2
8
2 3
8
0 2
123410 = 23228
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Technique
Divide by 16
Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16
16 1234 2
16 77 13=D
16 4
123410 = 4D216
Binary to Octal
Technique
Group bits in threes, starting on right
Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8
1 011 010 111
1 3 2 7
10110101112 = 13278
Binary to Hexadecimal
Technique
Group bits in fours, starting on right
Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example
10101110112 = ?16
10 1011 1011
2 B B
10101110112 = 2BB16
Octal to Hexadecimal
Technique
Use binary as an intermediary
Example
10768 = ?16
1 0 7 6
001 000 111 110
2 3 E
10768 = 23E16
Hexadecimal to Octal
Technique
Use binary as an intermediary
Example
1F0C16 = ?8
1 F 0 C
0001 1111 0000 1100
0 1 7 4 1 4
1F0C16 = 174148
Fractions
Binary to decimal
10.1011 => 1 x 2-4 = 0.0625
1 x 2-3 = 0.125
0 x 2-2 = 0.0
1 x 2-1 = 0.5
0 x 20 = 0.0
1 x 21 = 2.0
2.6875
Fractions .14579
Decimal to binary x 2
3.14579 0.29158
x 2
0.58316
x 2
1.16632
x 2
0.33264
x 2
0.66528
x 2
1.33056
11.001001... etc.
Thank you…………
