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Problem 1

The document derives the Schrödinger equation for a quantum mechanical particle in an infinite potential well, detailing the wavefunction solutions and energy eigenvalues. It also discusses quantum tunneling and its principles, alongside the effects of quantum well structures on wavefunctions and energy levels. Additionally, it highlights the applications of quantum wells in improving energy efficiency in various technologies such as LEDs, laser diodes, solar cells, and transistors.

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tauqeer544gmailcom
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8 views

Problem 1

The document derives the Schrödinger equation for a quantum mechanical particle in an infinite potential well, detailing the wavefunction solutions and energy eigenvalues. It also discusses quantum tunneling and its principles, alongside the effects of quantum well structures on wavefunctions and energy levels. Additionally, it highlights the applications of quantum wells in improving energy efficiency in various technologies such as LEDs, laser diodes, solar cells, and transistors.

Uploaded by

tauqeer544gmailcom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 1

/7
Derive the Schrödinger equation for a quantum mechanical particle (an electron), in an
infinite potential well (1D, width L)

√
Schrödinger eq for a particle moving at U
2
2𝑚
∇ ψ + 2 [ 𝐸 −𝑈 ] ψ =0
2

ℏ
⟨ ψ |ψ ⟩ = 𝐴 2 ( ) 𝐿
2
=𝐴=
1
𝐿
In the well is confined to x and U is 0
d2ψ
+
[
2 𝑚𝐸
]
ψ =0 Putting k and A into (1)

√
2 2

( )
dx ℏ
2 𝑛𝜋
ψ 𝑛 ( x )= sin 𝑥

√
A solution that satisfies this differential equation is
2 𝑚𝐸 𝐿 𝐿
ψ ( x )= Asin ( 𝑘𝑥 𝑥 ) + Bcos ( 𝑘 𝑥 𝑥 ) 𝑘𝑥 =
B must be 0 to satisfy , because cos(0)=1
ℏ2 The energy eigen value is given by
2 2
(1) ℏ 𝑘
𝐸=
2𝑚
sin()=0 and at so
𝑛𝜋 With k for the well becomes
𝑘𝐿=𝑛 𝜋∧𝑘= 2 2 2
𝐿 𝐸=
ℏ 𝜋 𝑛
2
And normalizing to get A 2𝑚 𝐿
𝐿
ψ |ψ ⟩ = 𝐴
2
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( 𝑘𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 =1
0
Adrian Valencia 2 /7
Sketch the energy levels and
wavefunctions with respect to n

Adrian Valencia 3 /7
How do the energy levels scale with
the width (L)?

Adrian Valencia 4 /7
What is quantum tunneling?
Concept Explanation
A region where the potential
Potential Barrier energy is higher than the kinetic
energy of the particle.

Particles can exist in multiple


states simultaneously and can
Quantum Mechanics exist in a state where it is inside
and outside the barrier at the
same time.

Particles have a wavelength and


can pass through a barrier if its
Wave-Particle Duality
wavelength is larger than the
width of the barrier.

Adrian Valencia 5 /7
Consider the case of multiple (3) quantum well structures and sketch the wavefunctions
and energy levels for the cases
d=10µm

d=10nm Wave
Distance Energy levels functions
10 µm Well separated Localized
10 nm Overlapping Delocalized
Highly Highly
2 nm
overlapping delocalized
d=2nm

Adrian Valencia 6 /7
Are quantum wells improving our
life? Application Impact on daily life
Improving energy efficiency of
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
lighting and displays
Enabling high-speed data
Laser diodes communication, such as in
fiber optic networks
Improving the efficiency of
Solar cells
solar power generation
Enabling faster and more
Transistors energy-efficient electronic
devices

Adrian Valencia 7 /7

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