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Osi Layer

The OSI model consists of seven layers, each designed to perform specific functions and facilitate standardized communication protocols. It includes layers such as the Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers, each responsible for different aspects of data transmission and processing. In contrast, the TCP/IP model is a practical implementation used for network communication, focusing on link establishment and interaction.

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12 views18 pages

Osi Layer

The OSI model consists of seven layers, each designed to perform specific functions and facilitate standardized communication protocols. It includes layers such as the Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers, each responsible for different aspects of data transmission and processing. In contrast, the TCP/IP model is a practical implementation used for network communication, focusing on link establishment and interaction.

Uploaded by

lavanyamallela23
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OSI LAYER

• The OSI model has seven layers. The principles that


were applied to arrive at the seven layers can be
briefly summarized as follows:
• 1. A layer should be created where a different
abstraction is needed.
• 2. Each layer should perform a well-defined
function.
• 3. The function of each layer should be chosen with
an eye toward defining internationally standardized
protocols.
• The Physical Layer:
The physical layer is concerned with
transmitting raw bits over a communication
channel. The design issues have to do with
making sure that when one side sends a 1 bit,
it is received by the other side as a 1 bit, not
as a 0 bit.
Introduction to OSI Model vs TCP/IP Model

Both, OSI vs TCP/IP are the most popular and widely used
communication networking protocols.
• The main difference between them is that OSI is a
conceptual model that is not practically used for
communication. It defines how the data is transferred in a
network or different architectures.
• Whereas TCP/IP is widely used for link establishment and
network interaction. The TCP/IP also allows the
connection mode on the network layer only, but these
two methods are on the transport layer.
• OSI Model
• The OSI Model is a conceptual model
developed by the International Organization
for Standardization that allows various
communication systems to communicate
through standard protocols.
Application layer

• This is the only layer that interacts directly


with user data.
• However, it should be noted that software
applications are not components of the
application layer; the application layer is
accountable for protocols and information
manipulation on which the software users are
relying to obtain significant information.
Presentation Layer

The primary task of this layer is to prepare the


information so that the application layer can be
used, that is to say, that layer 6 makes the
information available for consumption apps.
• Two communicators may use different encryption
methods to communicate so that the incoming
data is converted to a syntax which the receiving
device application layer can understand.
Session layer

This is the layer used to open and close the


communication between the two machines.
• The period between the opening and closing
of the correspondence is known as the
session.
Transport Layer

Flow Control and error control is responsible


for this layer.
• The transportation layer checks the receiving
end for errors in ensuring the completeness of
the received data and requests re-
transmission if not.
• Network Layer
The network layer allows the transfer of
information between two distinct networks.
• The network layer also identifies the best
physical route for the information to reach its
destination.
• Data Link Layer
The data link layer collects packets from the
layer and breaks them into smaller parts.
• Like the network layer, the flow control and
error control in interconnected
communication is responsible for the data link
layer.
Physical Layer
• This layer contains physical devices, such as
wires and switching, involved in information
transfer.
• This is also the string of 1s and 0s, where the
information becomes a bit stream.
• Network Interface Layer: This layer acts as an
interface between hosts and transmission
links and used for transmitting datagrams. It
also specifies what operation must be
performed by links like serial link and classic
ethernet to fulfil the requirements of the
connectionless internet layer.
• Internet Layer: The purpose of this layer is to
transmit an independent packet into any
network which travels to the destination
(might be residing in a different network). It
includes the IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP
(Internet Control Message Protocol) and ARP
(Address Resolution Protocol) as the standard
packet format for the layer.
• Transport Layer: It enables a fault-free end-to-
end delivery of the data between the source
and destination hosts in the form of
datagrams. The protocols defined by this layer
are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and
UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
• Application Layer: This layer permits users to
access the services of global or private internet.
The various protocols described in this layer are
virtual terminal (TELNET), electronic mail (SMTP)
and file transfer (FTP). Some additional protocols
like DNS (Domain Name System), HTTP (Hypertext
Transfer Protocol) and RTP (Real-time Transport
Protocol). The working of this layer is a
combination of application, presentation and
session layer of the OSI model

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