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Plant and Animal Cell

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic but have distinct structural and functional differences. Plant cells possess features like a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, and smaller vacuoles. These differences enable plants to perform photosynthesis and provide structural support, whereas animal cells are specialized for movement and communication.

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15 views16 pages

Plant and Animal Cell

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic but have distinct structural and functional differences. Plant cells possess features like a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, and smaller vacuoles. These differences enable plants to perform photosynthesis and provide structural support, whereas animal cells are specialized for movement and communication.

Uploaded by

singh.vertika
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Plant Cell and Animal Cell

Detailed Description of
Plant and Animal Cells
Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells, meaning they
have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Despite having
many similarities, they also have distinct structural and
functional differences.
Plant Cells
Plant cells are specialized to perform photosynthesis, provide structural support,
and store energy. They have the following key features:
Unique Features of Plant Cells
1. Cell Wall
• Composed of cellulose, it provides rigidity, support, and
protection.
• It prevents the cell from bursting in hypotonic environments.
2. Chloroplasts
• Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Plant Cells
3. Large Central Vacuole
• A large, fluid-filled organelle that stores water, nutrients,
and waste products.
• Maintains turgor pressure to support the plant’s structure.
4. Plasmodesmata
• Channels in the cell wall that allow communication and
transport of substances between adjacent plant cells.
Common Organelles in Plant Cells

• Nucleus: Controls cell activities and stores genetic material (DNA).


• Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid where organelles are suspended.
• Cell Membrane: Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
• Mitochondria: Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Rough ER: Has ribosomes and synthesizes proteins.
Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.
• Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids.
• Ribosomes: Produce proteins.
• Peroxisomes: Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful compounds.
Animal Cells
Animal cells are specialized for movement, communication, and
energy production. They have the following key features:

Unique Features of Animal Cells


1. Centrioles
• Cylindrical structures involved in cell division
(mitosis and meiosis).
• Help organize the mitotic spindle during cell
division.
Animal Cells
2. Lysosomes
• Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste
materials, cellular debris, and foreign particles.
3. Smaller Vacuoles
• Animal cells may have small, temporary vacuoles for storage
and transport.
4. Cilia and Flagella (in some cells)
• Cilia: Hair-like structures for movement or moving substances
across the cell surface.
• Flagella: A whip-like tail used for cell movement, e.g., in
sperm cells.
Animal Cells
Common Organelles in Animal Cells
• Nucleus: Regulates cell activities and contains DNA.
• Cytoplasm: Fluid that supports organelles and allows biochemical reactions.
• Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable barrier regulating substance movement.
• Mitochondria: Energy powerhouse generating ATP.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Rough ER: Synthesizes and transports proteins.
Smooth ER: Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
• Golgi Apparatus: Processes and ships proteins and lipids.
• Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.
• Peroxisomes: Detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids.
Animal Cells
Difference between Plant Cell and Animal cell

Feature Plant Cell Animal Cell


Key Differences
Cell Wall
Betwe
Present (made of cellulose)
Animal
Absent
Cells
Chloroplasts Present (for photosynthesis) Absent

Vacuoles Large central vacuole Small and temporary vacuoles

Shape Regular, rectangular Irregular, round


Centrioles Absent in most plant cells Present

Lysosomes Rarely present Common

Plasmodesmata Present Absent

Cilia/Flagella Rare or absent Present in certain cells


Conclusion

Plant and animal cells share many core functions and structures,
as both are eukaryotic. However, their differences allow them to
perform specialized roles, such as photosynthesis in plants and
complex tissue functions in animals. These distinctions reflect the
unique needs of their respective organisms.

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