Cloud Computing

BCA-5th Sem

Mrs S.Geetanjali Patra

Asst. Professor
 What Does Computing Mean?

• Computing is the process of using computer technology to

complete a given goal-oriented task.
• Computing is the design and development of software and
hardware systems for a broad range of purposes .
• It helps in structuring, processing and managing any kind
of information – to aid in the pursuit of scientific studies,
making intelligent systems, and creating and using
different media for entertainment and communication.
 What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud Computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on remote servers
that are hosted on the internet instead of the computer’s hard drive or local server.
• It is also referred to as internet-based computing.
• It is a technology where the resource is provided as a service through the internet to the
user.
• The data that is stored can be files, images, documents or any other storable document.
• The operations that can be performed with cloud computing are
i. Storage, backup and recovery of data
ii. Delivery of software on demand
iii. Development of new applications and services
iv. Streaming videos and audio
 Architecture Of Cloud
Computing
• Cloud computing architecture refers to the components
and sub-components required for cloud computing. These
components typically refer to:
• Front end ( Fat client, Thin client)
• Back-end platforms ( Servers, Storage )
• Cloud-based delivery and a network ( Internet, Intranet,
Intercloud )
Architecture Of Cloud
Computing
Evolution of Cloud
The phrase “Cloud Computing” was first introduced in the 1950s to describe internet-related services, and it evolved from
distributed computing to the modern technology known as cloud computing.

• Distributed Computing: Distributed Systems

• Distributed System is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them
are depicted as a single entity to the users.
• The purpose of distributed systems is to share resources and also use them effectively
and efficiently.
• Distributed systems possess characteristics such as scalability, concurrency,
continuous availability, heterogeneity, and independence in failures.
• But the main problem with this system was that all the systems were required to be
present at the same geographical location.
• Thus to solve this problem, distributed computing led to three more types of
computing and they were-Mainframe computing, cluster computing, and grid
computing.
 Mainframe Computing

• Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful and
reliable computing machines.
• These are responsible for handling large data such as massive input-output
operations.
• Even today these are used for bulk processing tasks such as online
transactions etc. These systems have almost no downtime with high fault
tolerance.
• After distributed computing, these increased the processing capabilities of
the system.
• But these were very expensive. To reduce this cost, cluster computing came
as an alternative to mainframe technology.
 Cluster Computing

• In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe

computing. Each machine in the cluster was connected to each
other by a network with high bandwidth.
• These were way cheaper than those mainframe systems.
• These were equally capable of high computations. Also, new nodes
could easily be added to the cluster if it was required.
• Thus, the problem of the cost was solved to some extent but the
problem related to geographical restrictions still pertained. To
solve this, the concept of grid computing was introduced.
 Grid Computing

• In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that

different systems were placed at entirely different geographical locations
and these all were connected via the internet.
• These systems belonged to different organizations and thus the grid
consisted of heterogeneous nodes.
• Although it solved some problems but new problems emerged as the
distance between the nodes increased.
• The main problem which was encountered was the low availability of high
bandwidth connectivity and with it other network associated issues. Thus.
cloud computing is often referred to as “Successor of grid computing”.
 Virtualization

• Virtualization was introduced nearly 40 years back.

• It refers to the process of creating a virtual layer over the
hardware which allows the user to run multiple instances
simultaneously on the hardware.
• It is a key technology used in cloud computing. It is the base on
which major cloud computing services such as Amazon EC2,
VMware vCloud, etc work on.
• Hardware virtualization is still one of the most common types of
virtualization.
 Web 2.0

• Web 2.0 is the interface through which the cloud

computing services interact with the clients.
• It is because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and
dynamic web pages. It also increases flexibility among
web pages.
• Popular examples of web 2.0 include Google Maps,
Facebook, Twitter, etc. Needless to say, social media is
possible because of this technology only. It gained major
popularity in 2004.
 Service Orientation
• A service orientation acts as a reference model for cloud
computing.
• It supports low-cost, flexible, and evolvable applications.
• Two important concepts were introduced in this
computing model.
• These were Quality of Service (QoS) which also includes
the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and
Software as a Service (SaaS).
 Utility Computing

• Utility Computing is a computing model that defines

service provisioning techniques for services such as
compute services along with other major services such as
storage, infrastructure, etc which are provisioned on a
pay-per-use basis.
 Cloud Computing

• Cloud Computing means storing and accessing the data

and programs on remote servers that are hosted on the
internet instead of the computer’s hard drive or local
server. Cloud computing is also referred to as Internet-
based computing, it is a technology where the resource is
provided as a service through the Internet to the user. The
data that is stored can be files, images, documents, or any
other storable document.
 Advantages
Disadvantages
• Cost Saving
• Internet Dependency
• Data Redundancy and Replication
• Ransomware/Malware Protection: • Issues in Security and
Ransomware is a type of malware attack in
which the attacker locks and encrypts the
Privacy
victim’s data, important files and then
demands a payment to unlock and decrypt • Data Breaches (leak of
the data. personal information)
• Flexibility
• Reliability • Limitations on Control
• High Accessibility
• Scalable
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
 Characteristics of Cloud
Computing
• On-demand self- • Virtualization:
services: • Resilient computing:
• Broad network access: • Flexible pricing models:
• Rapid elasticity: • Security:
• Resource pooling: • Automation:
• Measured service: • Sustainability:
• Multi-tenancy:
Differences Between Cloud, Grid and Cluster
Cloud Computing

• Data centers run a cloud service that is shared among many users. Hence, we
don’t need to purchase hardware or software when using a cloud service.
• Furthermore, data is stored in a central location accessible from any device.
We primarily access cloud services through the Internet, but a
virtual private network can also be used.
• Using could computing, a company rents out server space, bandwidth, and
other resources from a third-party vendor to fulfil the business requirement.
Furthermore, cloud computing includes servers, storage, databases, and
software available over the Internet.
• Additionally, it enhances efficiency, reduces operational cost, and accelerate
execution speed.
 Grid Computing
• A grid is a distributed computing architecture that connects a network of
computers to form an on-demand robust network.
• A network of computers utilizes grid computing to solve complex problems.
Furthermore, it makes sure a business or organization runs smoothly.
• Additionally, it uses many computers in different locations. These computers are
connected to complete a specific task or process.
• Each computer performs a part of the task. When a computer finishes a part of the
task, it passes the rest of the work on to another computer.
• Further, grid computing contains a large number of servers and computers.
Moreover, each of them executes independently.
• Let’s take a look at the grid computing architecture:
 Grid Computing Architecture
The significant difference between cloud and grid computing is that grid computing solves
complicated tasks, but cloud computing provides users access to some particular services at
a low cost.
 Cluster Computing Architecture

• A cluster is a network topology containing two or more computers

connected to each other. Furthermore, a local network connects the computers
or nodes on the cluster. Generally, we place all the nodes in the same location in a
cluster. It follows centralized architecture.
• The cluster can work with any operating system or architecture. Additionally, the
nodes on the cluster can be synchronous or asynchronous but it depends on
the type of cluster. Synchronous nodes share data at the same time. Asynchronous
nodes send data out at different times.
• Clusters differ from clouds as clusters contain two or more computer systems
connected to the cluster head node, acting like a single system. On the other hand,
a cloud includes servers, storage, and databases ready to use over the Internet:
 Differences
Cloud Grid Cluster

Consolidation of resources Segregation of resources Aggregation of resources

Collection of systems that act together like a Group of nodes that are connected to each
Single system made up of many systems
single system other

All the connected systems should have same OS

Works with different hardware and OS Works with different hardware and OS
and hardware

Follows centralized architecture Follows distributed architecture Follows centralized architecture

All the nodes work independently, hence no

Suffers from a single point of failure Suffers from a single point of failure
single point of failure

The owners have less control over the The owners have full control and management Have no owners, and each node works
systems on the cloud over the grid’s systems independently

Scalability of execution allows for the transfer The scheduling of jobs affects execution. Jobs,
Job execution is self-managed
of a job’s execution to an available processor therefore, wait until their designated runtime

Used in Dropbox, Gmail Used in simulations, automations Used in web servers, search engines
 Utility Computing
• Utility computing is a service
provisioning model that offers
computing resources such as
hardware, software, and network
bandwidth to clients as and when
they require them on an on-demand
basis.
• The service provider charges only as
per the consumption of the services,
rather than a fixed charge or a flat
rate.
 Utility Computing

• Utility computing is a subset of cloud computing, allowing users to scale up

and down based on their needs.
• Clients, users, or businesses acquire amenities such as data storage space,
computing capabilities, applications services, virtual servers, or even hardware
rentals such as CPUs, monitors, and input devices.
• The utility computing model is based on conventional utilities and originates
from the process of making IT resources as easily available as traditional
public utilities such as electricity, gas, water, and telephone services.
• For example, a consumer pays his electricity bill as per the number of units
consumed, nothing more and nothing less. Similarly, utility computing works
on the same concept, which is a pay-per-use model.
 5-Step Process With Examples

• The concept of utility computing is transformational.

• Service providers match demand with delivery almost
immediately.
• It enables businesses to transform their organization
from a traditional environment to a more dynamic,
adaptive, and service-oriented one.
• When demand exceeds capacity, utility computing
becomes the perfect solution to top up resources as and
when needed.
 Step 1: Determine the need
• The initial steps involved are assessing internal organizational
needs and the combination of services and resources required.
• Utility computing-hosting centres exist for a reason.
• They provide valuable, tightly integrated(retailers can quickly
adjust their inventory orders weeks or months in advance
of anticipated changes in customer demand), fully
customized (made or changed according to the buyer's or user's
needs)utility computing solutions and resources as per clients’
needs.
 Step 2: Evaluate the service
provider’s claims
• Once your objectives are determined, evaluate if the
utility computing solution will align with your goals and
missions. Understanding which tasks will be supported
and what level of resources or services will be provided is
important.
• Evaluating the service provider’s offer is essential to
determine whether their service will empower users to be
more effective in accomplishing their goals on time.
 Step 3: Assess the health of a computing
resource

• To assess the health of a computing resource, it is critical to

deploy resource monitoring tools that look after its security and
dynamic resource configuration requirements.
• Monitoring a utility computing resource involves identifying
failures in the network, storage, and application resources.
• One of the best ways to make monitoring simple is using a
collection of industry-standard and site-specific tools and local
configuration files to be completely in sync with the overall
utility computing environment.
 Step 4: Identify the resource provisioning
requirements

• The next step involves analyzing the service provider’s

capability to customize and configure resources to meet
customer needs and establishing a load balance without
overprovisioning or under provisioning resources.
• The provisioning interface must use resource command-
line interfaces, APIs, and except scripts to detect potential
failures and monitor changes.
 Step 5: Map out a timeframe

• Once the need, objectives, and type of resources are

determined, the final step for architecting a utility
computing solution involves mapping out the schedule,
identifying when a specific resource might be needed, and
for how much time.
• This allows the service provider to release unused
resources early and improve the overall resource
utilization strategy.
 Examples of utility computing

• The utility computing model has become one of the most popular
IT provisioning models.
• It offers many advantages to businesses, such as no more
internal IT management headaches and no requirement of
software licenses.
• The arrival of public cloud utility solutions has become a deal-
breaker in such a situation.
• The utility model aims to maximize the productive use of
resources and minimize the costs that come along with them.
 Travel reservation services
• The travel and hotel industry is highly dependent on seasonal demand and
peak festival times. COVID-19 travel restrictions have also played a huge
part in setting new trends in the hospitality industry. As countries are
opening their borders to international travel, we are seeing a surge in
demand for tickets to exotic destinations.
• Let’s assume you wish to travel to the Maldives and are looking to make a
flight and hotel booking through your travel app. Due to the rise in demand,
travel reservation applications will deploy additional infrastructural support
and virtual servers to manage the offset of travellers wanting to make their
reservations. This way, travel applications get extra resources on board
when they require and pay only based on their consumption.
Key Benefits of Utility Computing for Enterprises
Cloud Service
Model
 Characteristics Of Cloud Service Model

• Multi-Tenant: Multi-tenancy is an architecture in which a single instance of a software application serves multiple
customers. Each customer is called a tenant.
• Self-Sevice: Self-service cloud computing is a private cloud service where the customer provisions storage and
launches applications without an external cloud service provider. With a self-service cloud, users access a web-based
portal to request or configure servers and launch applications.
• Elastic (Scale-Up | Scale-Down): Elasticity is the ability to grow or shrink infrastructure resources dynamically as
needed to adapt to workload changes in an autonomic manner, maximizing the use of resources. This can result in
savings in infrastructure costs overall.
• Web-Based: It means you can access your resources via Web-Based applications.
• Automated: Most of the things in the Cloud are automated, and human intervention is less.
• Pay As You Go Model: You only have to pay when utilizing cloud resources.
• Modern Web-Based Integration: It allows you to configure multiple application programs to share data in
the cloud. In a network that incorporates cloud integration, diverse applications communicate either directly or
through third-party software.
• Secure: Cloud services create a copy of the data that you want to store to prevent any form of data loss. If one server
loses the data by any chance, the copy version is restored from the other server.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer
infrastructure on an outsourced basis to support various operations.
• Typically IaaS is a service where infrastructure is provided as outsourcing to
enterprises such as networking equipment, devices, database, and web servers.
• It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS customers pay on a per-
use basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.
• Some providers also charge customers based on the amount of virtual machine
space they use.
• It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking, and
servers for developing such applications, and services, and deploying development
tools, databases, etc.
• The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are
Amazon web services, Bluestack, IBM, Openstack, Rackspace, and Vmware.
 IaaS Use-Cases

• IaaS is useful for backing up, storing, and recovering data and also helps in managing fluctuating storage
needs.
• It is cheaper and faster to set up test and development environments with IaaS.
• Companies working with Big Data often use IaaS as it allows them to significantly increase their computing
power.
• IaaS can be an optimal basis for some complex web projects, particularly for sites with profoundly
fluctuating traffic, as a website hosted in the cloud can profit from the verbosity rendered by a massive
network of physical servers and demand scalability to manage unpredictable demands
• Due to its stability, IaaS can be a better alternative for complex tasks which include millions of variables or
calculations and in general, might require the use of supercomputers or clusters.
• Users can easily access high-end apps with IaaS. They can run graphic-intensive applications without any
latency issues as the cloud servers offer superior performance and in addition to this, they will have
increased productivity because the app will run with great speed.
• The application deployment over the cloud can be done in less time with IaaS. You can scale up or down
the apps based on unpredictable demands. Moreover, all your infrastructure and storage requirements are
borne by the providers so that you can easily deploy the applications.
 Advantages of IaaS:

• Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS customers
pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.
• Scalability: IaaS enables users to adjust computing capacity according to their demands
without requiring long lead times or up-front hardware purchases.
• Virtualization: IaaS uses virtualization technology to generate virtualized instances that
can be managed and delivered on-demand by abstracting physical computer resources.
• Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional web
hosting.
• Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing software.
• Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data center or the introduction of
new releases of the development or underlying software. This is all handled by the IaaS
Cloud Provider.
• Resource Pooling: This feature enables users to share computer resources, such as networking
and storage, among a number of users, maximizing resource utilization and cutting costs.
• Elasticity: IaaS allows users to dynamically modify their computing resources in response to
shifting demand, ensuring optimum performance and financial viability.
• Self-Service: IaaS offers consumers "self-service" portals that let them independently deploy,
administer, and monitor their computing resources without the assistance of IT employees.
• Availability: To ensure the high availability and reliability of services, IaaS providers often run
redundant and geographically dispersed data centers.
• Security: To safeguard their infrastructure and client data, IaaS companies adopt security
measures, including data encryption, firewalls, access controls, and threat detection.
• Customization: IaaS enables users to alter the operating systems, application stacks, and
security settings of their virtualized instances to suit their unique requirements.
 Disadvantages of laaS :
• Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically
manage the underlying infrastructure and take care of
maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users have
less control over the environment and may not be able to make
certain customizations.
• Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own
data and applications, which can be a significant undertaking.
• Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in
certain regions and countries due to legal policies.
 Platform As A Service (PaaS)
• PaaS is a cloud service model that gives a ready-to-use development environment where developers
can specialize in writing and executing high-quality code to make customized applications.
• It helps to create an application quickly without managing the underlying infrastructure. For example,
when deploying a web application using PaaS, you don’t have to install an operating system, web
server, or even system updates. However, you can scale and add new features to your services.
• This cloud service model makes the method of developing and deploying applications simpler and it is
more expensive than IaaS but less expensive than SaaS.
• This helps you be more efficient as you don’t get to worry about resource procurement, capacity
planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the opposite undifferentiated work involved in
running your application.
• Examples of PaaS: Elastic Beanstalk or Lambda from AWS, WebApps, Functions or Azure SQL DB
from Azure, Cloud SQL DB from Google Cloud, or Oracle Database Cloud Service from Oracle Cloud.
 Benefits of PaaS

PaaS is an easy way to build an application, and it

offers a lot of benefits. Here are just a few:
Faster development time – You don’t have to
build infrastructure before you can start coding.
Reduced costs – Your IT department won’t need
to spend time on manual deployments or server
management.
Enhanced security – PaaS providers lock down
your applications so that they’re more secure than
traditional web apps.
High availability – A PaaS provider can make
sure your application is always available, even
during hardware failures or maintenance windows.
 PaaS Use-Cases

• There are multiple use cases for PaaS, in a wide range of business contexts. Some of them are:
• PaaS is useful for companies developing, running, and managing app programming interfaces and
micro services. The same goes for the development of new APIs and complete API management.
• PaaS is suitable for setting up and managing an organization’s database. It offers a scalable,
secure, and on-demand platform to create, administer, and maintain databases.
• PaaS tools allow for advanced analysis of business data, to identify patterns, make predictions, and
ultimately make more qualified and data-driven decisions. These tools can help companies predict
behaviors and events for better planning.
• PaaS supports various programming languages, application environments, and tools, which allows
connectivity and integrations required in IoT deployments.
• PaaS can be a delivery mechanism for communication and collaboration which means that features
like voice, chat, and videos can be added to applications built on the PaaS cloud service model.
 Disadvantages of Paas

• Limited infrastructure control: Although PaaS providers normally

handle upkeep, upgrades, and management of the underlying
infrastructure, this might also imply that users have less control over
the environment and may not be able to make certain adjustments.
Dependency on the provider: Customers rely on the PaaS provider
to maintain the platform’s scalability, availability, and dependability;
however, this poses a risk if the provider encounters disruptions or
other problems.
Restricted flexibility: The usefulness of PaaS solutions for some
organizations may be limited if they cannot handle particular
workloads or applications.
 Software As A Service (SaaS)

• Software As A Service (SaaS) is a software delivery model and involves

customers to pay for any software per unit time of usage, with the price
reflecting market place supply and demand.
• Owning software is very expensive. For example, a ₹50 lakh software
running on a ₹1 lakh computer is a common place. As with hardware,
owning software is the current tradition across individuals and business
houses. Often the usage of a specific software package does not exceed
a couple of hours of usage per week.
• In this situation, it would be economically worthwhile to pay per hour of
usage. This would also free the user from the botherance of
maintenance, upgradation, backup etc.
This is exactly what is advocated by SaaS.
 Continued…..

• SaaS provides you with a complete product

that is run and managed by the service
provider.
• The software is hosted online and made
available to customers on a subscription basis
or for purchase in this cloud service model.
• With a SaaS offering, you don’t need to
worry about how the service is maintained or
how the underlying infrastructure is managed.
It would help if
you believed how you’d use that
specific software.
• Examples of SaaS: Microsoft Office 365,
Oracle ERP/HCM Cloud, SalesForce, Gmail, or
Dropbox.
 Benefits of SaaS

• Accessibility to applications at any time from an Internet

connection;
• Reduced operational management;
• Cost-effective with models that charge customers based
on usage;
• Easy scalability to address evolving business
requirements;
• Availability of cloud-based analytics and business
intelligence solutions.
 Disadvantages of SaaS

• Limited customization: SaaS solutions are usually less customizable than software that
is hosted on-premises. As a result, customers may not be able to customize the program
to meet their unique requirements and may be forced to operate within the platform
limitations of the SaaS provider.
Dependency on Internet connectivity: Since SaaS solutions are usually cloud-based, a
steady Internet connection is necessary for them to operate as intended. Users who need
to access the software offline or in places with spotty connectivity may find this
troublesome.
Security issues: Although SaaS providers are in charge of ensuring the security of the
information kept on their servers, security incidents and data breaches are still a
possibility.
Limited control over data: Organizations who must maintain stringent control over
their data for regulatory or other reasons may be concerned that SaaS providers may
have access to a user’s data.
 Case Study on SaaS
• Google APP Engine
• 1. The app engine is a Cloud-based platform, is quite comprehensive and combines
infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service
(SaaS).The app engine supports the delivery, testing and development of software on
demand in a Cloud computing environment that supports millions of users and is highly
scalable.
• 2. The company extends its platform and infrastructure to the Cloud through its app engine.
It presents the platform to those who want to develop SaaS solutions at competitive costs.
• 3. It is a platform for hosting web applications in Google managed data centers. It is cloud-
computing technology which virtualizes applications across multiple servers and data
centers. Running your web application in Google infrastructure and Support different
runtime environments.
• Features of App Engine
• 1. These are covered by the depreciation policy and the service-level agreement of the app
engine. Any changes made to such a feature are backward-compatible and implementation of
such a feature is usually stable. These include data storage, retrieval, and search;
communications; process management; computation; app configuration and management.
• 2. Data storage, retrieval, and search include features such as HRD migration tool, Google
Cloud SQL, logs, datastore, dedicated Mem cache, blobstore, Memcache and search.
• 3. Communications include features such as XMPP. channel, URL fetch, mail, and Google Cloud
Endpoints.
• 4. Process management includes features like scheduled tasks and task queue. Computation
includes images.
• 5. App management and configuration cover app identity, users, capabilities, traffic splitting,
modules, SSL for custom domains, modules, remote access, and multi tenancy.
 Difference between Cloud Computing and
Traditional Computing

• Cloud computing delivers services over the internet using

remote servers, offering scalability and accessibility.
• Traditional computing relies on local servers, requiring
upfront hardware investments and maintenance.
• The key distinction lies in where and how services are
hosted, impacting flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease
of access.
 Advantages of Cloud Computing

• The following are the Advantages of Cloud Computing:

• Scalability: Cloud computing allows organizations to easily scale their computing resources up
or down as their needs change, without having to purchase and manage additional hardware.
• Cost Savings: Using cloud computing can be more cost-effective than maintaining on-premises IT
infrastructure, as it eliminates the need for costly hardware, software, and maintenance expenses.
• Accessibility: Cloud computing enables remote access to applications and data, allowing users to
work from anywhere with an internet connection.
• Reliability: Cloud providers offer high levels of uptime and redundancy, ensuring that
applications and data are available even in the event of hardware failure.
• Flexibility: Cloud computing offers a wide range of deployment options, including public, private,
and hybrid clouds, which can be tailored to meet the unique needs of an organization
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

• Security: Cloud computing involves sharing sensitive data with a third-party provider, which
raises concerns about data security and privacy.
• Dependence: Organizations that rely on cloud providers for their computing infrastructure
are vulnerable to service disruptions or data loss in the event of provider outages or other
issues.
• Internet Dependency: Cloud computing requires a reliable and fast internet connection to
access applications and data, which can be a challenge in some areas.
• Technical Issues: Technical issues with cloud services, such as compatibility problems or
software bugs, can sometimes be difficult to resolve and can result in downtime or lost
productivity.
• Lack of Control: With cloud computing, organizations have limited control over the
infrastructure and services they use, which can make it difficult to customize or optimize the
environment for their specific needs.
 What is Traditional Computing?

• Traditional Computing, is a possess of using physical data

centers for storing digital assets and running complete
networking system for daily operations.
• In this, access to data, or software, or storage by users is
limited to device or official network they are connected
with. In this computing, user can have access to data only
on system in which data is stored.
Advantages of Traditional Computing

• Following are the advantages of Traditional Computing:

• Control: With traditional computing, an organization has full control over the hardware and
software it uses, allowing for customization and optimization of the computing environment.
• Security: Traditional computing offers a high level of data security, as sensitive data can be
stored on-premises and protected by firewalls, encryption, and other security measures.
• Reliability: Traditional computing is not dependent on internet connectivity, making it less
vulnerable to service disruptions or data loss.
• Compatibility: Traditional computing environments can be tailored to meet the specific
needs of an organization, ensuring compatibility with existing software and systems.
• Data Ownership: With traditional computing, an organization owns and controls all of its
data, reducing concerns about data privacy and regulatory compliance.
 Disadvantages of Traditional Computing
Following are the disadvantages of Traditional
Computing:

• Cost: Traditional computing can be more expensive than cloud computing, as it requires
significant capital expenditures for hardware and software, as well as ongoing maintenance
and support expenses.
• Scalability: Traditional computing can be difficult to scale up or down to meet changing
needs, as it requires additional hardware or software to be added to the environment.
• Accessibility: Traditional computing may not allow for remote access to applications and
data, limiting the ability of users to work from anywhere.
• Maintenance: Traditional computing environments require ongoing maintenance and
upgrades to ensure security and performance, which can be time-consuming and expensive.
• Limited Storage Capacity: Traditional computing environments may have limited storage
capacity, requiring organizations to periodically purchase additional hardware to
accommodate growing data volumes.
Cloud Deployment
Model
 What is a Cloud Deployment Model?

• Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment

with a deployment architecture that varies depending on the amount of
data you want to store and who has access to the infrastructure.
• Different types of cloud computing deployment models are described
below.
• Public Cloud
• Private Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud
• Community Cloud
 Public Cloud
• The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The
public cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone.
• The public cloud is one in which cloud infrastructure services are provided over the
internet to the general people or major industry groups.
• The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by the entity that delivers the cloud
services, not by the consumer.
• It is a type of cloud hosting that allows customers and users to easily access systems
and services.
• This form of cloud computing is an excellent example of cloud hosting, in which service
providers supply services to a variety of customers.
• In this arrangement, storage backup and retrieval services are given for free, as a
subscription, or on a per-user basis. For example, Google App Engine etc.
Public Cloud
 Advantages
Disadvantages
• Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-
use service, there is no substantial upfront fee,
making it excellent for enterprises that require
immediate access to resources.
• Less secure: Public cloud is
• No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully less secure as resources are
subsidized by the cloud service providers, thus public so there is no guarantee
there is no need to set up any hardware.
of high-level security.
• Infrastructure Management is not
required: Using the public cloud does not • Low customization: It is
necessitate infrastructure management.
accessed by many public so it
• No maintenance: The maintenance work is
done by the service provider (not users). can’t be customized according
• Dynamic Scalability: To fulfil your company’s to personal requirements.
needs, on-demand resources are accessible.
 Private Cloud

• The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud deployment
model.
• It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There is no need to share your
hardware with anyone else.
• The distinction between private and public clouds is in how you handle all of the hardware.
• It is also called the “internal cloud” & it refers to the ability to access systems and services
within a given border or organization.
• The cloud platform is implemented in a cloud-based secure environment that is protected
by powerful firewalls and under the supervision of an organization’s IT department.
• The private cloud gives greater flexibility of control over cloud resources.
Private Cloud
 Advantages
Disadvantages
•
•
Advantages of the Private Cloud Model
Better Control: You are the sole owner of the
• Disadvantages of the
property. You gain complete command over service Private Cloud Model
integration, IT operations, policies, and user
behavior. • Less scalable: Private
• Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing
corporate information to which only authorized staff clouds are scaled within a
have access. By segmenting resources within the
same infrastructure, improved access and security
certain range as there is
can be achieved. less number of clients.
• Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is
designed to work with legacy systems that are
unable to access the public cloud.
• Costly: Private clouds are
• Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment,
more costly as they provide
a private cloud allows a company to tailor its
solution to meet its specific needs.
personalized facilities.
 Hybrid Cloud
• By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of
proprietary software, hybrid cloud computing gives the
best of both worlds.
• With a hybrid solution, you may host the app in a safe
environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s
cost savings.
• Organizations can move data and applications between
different clouds using a combination of two or more cloud
deployment methods, depending on their needs.
Hybrid Cloud
 Advantages
Disadvantages
• Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud • Disadvantages of the Hybrid
Model Cloud Model
• Flexibility and control: Businesses with
more flexibility can design personalized • Difficult to manage: Hybrid
solutions that meet their particular needs. clouds are difficult to manage as it
• Cost: Because public clouds provide is a combination of both public and
scalability, you’ll only be responsible for private cloud. So, it is complex.
paying for the extra capacity if you • Slow data transmission: Data
require it.
transmission in the hybrid cloud
• Security: Because data is properly takes place through the public
separated, the chances of data theft by
attackers are considerably reduced.
cloud so latency occurs.
 Community Cloud

• It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of

organizations.
• It is a distributed system that is created by integrating the services
of different clouds to address the specific needs of a community,
industry, or business.
• The infrastructure of the community could be shared between the
organization which has shared concerns or tasks.
• It is generally managed by a third party or by the combination of
one or more organizations in the community.
Community Cloud
 Advantages
Disadvantages
• Advantages of the Community Cloud • Disadvantages of the Community
Model Cloud Model
• Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because • Limited Scalability: Community cloud is
the cloud is shared by multiple relatively less scalable as many
organizations or communities. organizations share the same resources
• Security: Community cloud provides better according to their collaborative interests.
security. • Rigid in customization: As the data and
• Shared resources: It allows you to share resources are shared among different
resources, infrastructure, etc. with multiple organizations according to their mutual
organizations. interests if an organization wants some
changes according to their needs they
• Collaboration and data sharing: It is
suitable for both collaboration and data cannot do so because it will have an
sharing. impact on other organizations.
 Public vs Private vs Community
vs Hybrid
Important Factors to Public Private Community Hybrid
Consider

Setup and ease of use Easy Requires professional IT Requires professional IT Requires professional IT
Team Team Team

Data Security and Privacy Low High Very High High

Scalability and flexibility High High Fixed requirements High

Cost-Effectiveness Most affordable Most expensive Cost is distributed among Cheaper than private but
members more expensive than public

Reliability Low High Higher High