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Reliability 2

The document defines reliability as the probability that a system will perform satisfactorily over a specified time under certain conditions, detailing its four main elements: probability, satisfactory performance, specified time, and specified operating conditions. It discusses the life cycle curve of reliability, including phases of debugging, chance failure, and wear-out, along with maintainability measures and the reliability function. Additionally, it covers examples of calculating mean time between failures (MTBF) and reliability in series and parallel networks.

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12 views32 pages

Reliability 2

The document defines reliability as the probability that a system will perform satisfactorily over a specified time under certain conditions, detailing its four main elements: probability, satisfactory performance, specified time, and specified operating conditions. It discusses the life cycle curve of reliability, including phases of debugging, chance failure, and wear-out, along with maintainability measures and the reliability function. Additionally, it covers examples of calculating mean time between failures (MTBF) and reliability in series and parallel networks.

Uploaded by

pdpantawane
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reliability

SMJ 4812 Project Mgmt and


Maintenance Eng.
Definition of Reliability

“Probability that a system or


product will perform in a
satisfactory manner for a given
period of time when used under
specified operating condition”
Reliability - 4 main elements

1. probability – numerical
representation - number of times
that an event occurs (success)
divided by total number trials
2. Satisfactory performance –
criteria established which
describe what is considered to be
satisfactory system operation
3. Specifed time – measure against which
degree of system performance can be
related - used to predict probability of
an item surviving without failure for a
designated period of time
4. Specified operating conditions expect a
system to function - environmental
factors, humidity, vibration, shock,
temperature cycle, operational profile,
etc.
LIFE CYCLE CURVE
 typical life history curve for infinite
no of items – ‘bathtub curve
 comparison of failure rate with time
 3 distinct phase – debugging ,
chance failure and wear-out phase
Life Cycle Curve
Debugging (Infant mortality)
Phase

 rapid decrease in failure rate


 Weibull distribution with shape
parameter  < 1 is used to describe
the occurrences of failure
 Usually covered by warranty period
Chance failure phase

 Constant failure rate – failure occur in


random manner
 Exponential and also Weibull with  =1
can be used to describe this phase
Wear-out phase
 Sharp rise in failure rate – fatigue,
corrosion (old age)
 Normal distribution is one that best
describes this phase
 Also can use Weibull with shape
parameter  > 1
Maintainability
 Pertains to the ease, accuracy,
safety and economy in the
performance of maintenance
actions
 Ability of an item to be maintained
 Maintainability is a design
parameter, maintenance is a result
of design
Measures of
Maintainability
MTBM – mean time between maintenance,
include preventive and corrective
maintenance
MTBR – mean time between replacement,
Mgenerate spare part requirement
- mean active maintenance time
M
ct – mean corrective maintenance time or

Mmean time to repair


pt – mean preventive maintenance time
 Frequency of maintenance for a
given time is highly dependent on
the reliability of that item
 Reliability frequency of
maintenance
 Unreliable system require
extensive maintenance
Reliability function [R(t)]
 R(t) = 1 – F(t)
 F(t) = probability of a system will
fail by time (t) = failure
distribution function
Eg. If probability of failure F(t) is
20%, then reliability at time t is
R(t) = 1 – 0.20 = 0.80 or 80%
Reliability at time (t)
 R(t) = e-t/
 e = 2.7183
  = MTBF
1  = failure rate


 So,
R(t) = e-t
Failure Rate ()
 Rate at which failure occur in a
specified time interval

= number of failures
total operating hours
 Can be expected in terms of failures per
hour, % of failure per 1,000 hours or
failures per million hours
Example 1
 10 components were tested. The
components (not repairable) failed
as follows:
 Component 1 failed after 75 ours
 Component 2 failed after 125 hours
 Component 3 failed after 130 hours
 Component 4 failed after 325 hours
 Component 5 failed after 525 hours
Determine the MTBF

Solution:
Five failures, operating time = 3805 hours

525
325
130
125 5 x 525
75
Solution
 = 5 / 3805 = 0.001314
Example 2
The chart below shows operating time and breakdown time
of a machine.
20.2 2.5 6.1 7.1 24.4 4.2 35.3 1.8 46.7

Operating time Down time

a) Determine the MTBF.

Solution:

Total operating time = 20.2 + 6.1 + 24.4 + 4.2 + 35.3 + 46.7


= 136.9 hours
Solution
 = 4 / 136.9 = 0.02922
Therefore;
 = MTBF = 1/  = 34.22 hours

b) What is the system reliability for a mission time of 20


hours?
R = e-t t = 20 hours
R= e-(0.02922)(20)

R = 55.74%
Reliability Component
Relationship
 Application in series network,
parallel and combination of both
Series Network
 Most commonly used and the
simplest to analyze

Input A B C Output

All components must operate if the system is to


function properly.
R = RA x RB x RC
 If the series is expected to operate
for a specified time period, then
 Rs (t) = e  ( 1 2 3 ...n ) t
Example
 Systems expected to operate for 1000 hours.
It consists of 4 subsystems in series, MTBFA =
6000 hours, MTBFB = 4500 hours, MTBFC =
10,500 hours, MTBFD = 3200 hours.
Determine overall reliability.
 A = 1 /MTBFA = 1/6000 = 0.000167
 B = 1/MTBFB = 1/4500 = 0.000222
 C = 1/MTBFC = 1/10500 = 0.000095
 D = 1/MTBFD = 1/3200 = 0.000313
 Therefore; R = e-(0.000797)(1000) = 0.4507
Parallel Network
 A number of the same components
must fail order to cause total
system failure
A

C
Example
 Consider two units A and B in
parallel. The systems fails only
when A and FBs(t)failed.
= Fa(t) Fb(t)
A = [1-Ra(t)][1-Rb(t)]
= 1-Ra(t) Rb(t) + Ra(t) Rb(t)
B
Rs(t) = 1- Fs(t)
= Ra(t) + Rb(t) – Ra(t) Rb(t)
 If A and B are constant failure rate
units, then:
a t
 Ra(t) = e Rb(t) = e  bt

1 1 1
And Rs(t) = Rs (t ) dt   
0
a b a  b

s = MTBF
Consider 3 components in
parallel
 Rs = 1 – F s
 Fa = 1- Ra Fb = 1- Rb Fc = 1- Rc
A
 Rs = 1 – (1-Ra)(1-Rb)(1-Rc)
 If components A, B and C are identical, thenB
the reliability,
Rs = 1 – (1 – R)3 C
 For a system with n identical components,
Rs=1- (1-R)n
Combined series parallel
network
B
A

Rs = RA [RB+RC-RBRC]
Combined series parallel
network
A C

B D

Rs = [1-(1-RA)(1-RB)][1-(1-RC)(1-RD)]
Combined series parallel
network
A
E

B D

C F

Rs=[1-(1-RA)(1-RB)(1-RC)][RD] x [RE+RF-(RE)(RF)]
Combined series parallel
network
 For combined series-parallel
network, first evaluate the parallel
elements to obtain unit reliability
 Overall system reliability is
determined by finding the product
of all series reliability

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