Scribd
Upload
16 views16 pages

Unit 1 - S11

The document discusses the effects of armature flux on field flux in DC generators, specifically focusing on armature reaction, which distorts and weakens the main flux, leading to operational issues. It explains the concepts of magnetic neutral axis, leading and trailing pole tips, and the demagnetizing and cross-magnetizing effects caused by armature conductors. Additionally, it outlines remedies for armature reaction, including shifting brushes and using compensating windings.

Uploaded by

naveen4501027
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views16 pages

Unit 1 - S11

The document discusses the effects of armature flux on field flux in DC generators, specifically focusing on armature reaction, which distorts and weakens the main flux, leading to operational issues. It explains the concepts of magnetic neutral axis, leading and trailing pole tips, and the demagnetizing and cross-magnetizing effects caused by armature conductors. Additionally, it outlines remedies for armature reaction, including shifting brushes and using compensating windings.

Uploaded by

naveen4501027
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Effect of armature flux on field

flux in DC generator (S-11, SLO-1)

Use of compensating windings,


Ampere-Turns calculations S-11,
SLO-2)
WINDINGS IN DC GENERATOR
• Field winding
The purpose of field winding is to produce magnetic field (called
main flux)
• Armature winding
Although the armature winding is not provided for the purpose of
producing a magnetic field, still the current in the armature winding
also produces a magnetic flux (called armature flux).
ARMATURE REACTION
The effect of the magnetic field set up by armature current on the
distribution of the main filed flux is known as armature reaction.

The armature flux distorts and weakens the main flux and create
problems for the proper operation of the dc machines.
The phenomenon of armature reaction in a dc generator is shown in
figure below

Figure (i)
When the generator is on no- load, a small current is flowing through the
armature and therefore flux produced in the armature is very small and it
does not affect the main flux φ1 coming from the pole.
When the generator is loaded, high current start flowing
through the armature conductors, thus a high flux φ 2 is set up
as shown in fig (ii).
By superimposing the fluxes φ1 and φ2, we obtain the resulting
flux φ3 as shown in fig (iii). This is what happens to the flux
under one pole under armature reaction in a dc
generator. From fig (iii) it is clear that flux density at the
trailing pole tip (point B) is increased while at the leading pole
tip (point A) it is decreased.
GENERAL TERMS USED IN ARMATURE
REACTION
Magnetic neutral axis :
It is perpendicular to the lines of force between
the two opposite adjacent poles.
Leading pole Tip (LPT) :
It is the end of the pole which first comes in
contact with the armature.
Trailing pole tip :
It is the end of the pole which comes in contact
later with the armature.
The armature magnetic field has two effects:
1. Demagnetizing effect (weakens the main flux)
This leads to reduced generated voltage
2. Cross- magnetizing effect (distorts the main flux)
This leads to sparking at the brushes
Fig. 1: shows the flux distribution of the bipolar generator when there is no current in the
armature conductors.
• Where OFf is the magnitude and direction of
the main filed MMF.
• The flux is distributed symmetrically with
respect to the polar axis, which is the line
joining the NS pole.
• The magnetic neutral axis (MNA) coincides
Fig.1
with the Geometrical neutral axis (GNA).
• MNA is defined as the axis along which there is no EMF induced in
the armature conductors because they move parallel to the lines of
flux.
(MNA is the axis perpendicular to the flux passing through the
armature)

• Brushes are always placed along the MNA

• Hence MNA is also called “axis of commutation” because current


reversal process takes place at this axis.

• GNA may be defined as the axis which is perpendicular to the


stator field axis.
Now, when the machine is connected to the load ,there is a flow of
current in the armature conductors.
As we know that any current carrying conductor produces its own flux,
in this case the armature conductors sets up its own flux.
This is as shown below in fig.2
• The direction of the armature current is
same as it would be when the generator
is loaded.
• It may even be found by applying
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
• The current direction is downwards for
conductors under the influence of north
X
pole.
• The current direction is upwards for
Fig. 2
conductors under the influence of south
pole.
• Now, in case the machine is running, then both the fluxes (flux due to the
armature conductors and flux due to the field winding) will be present at
a time. The armature flux superimposes with the main field flux and,
hence, disturbs the main field flux. This effect is called as armature
reaction in DC machines.
• It can be seen that the flux in the armature is no
longer uniform and symmetrical about the axis,
rather it is distorted.
• The flux is crowded at the trailing pole tip and
weakened at the leading pole tip.
• The resultant m.m.f. OF which is found by
combining OFf and OFA.
• The new position of the MNA is always the
position of the resultant m.m.f.
• Since the MNA has shifted by an angle Ɵ, brushes are also shifted so
as lie along the new position of MNA.
• Due to this brush shift the armature conductors and the armature
current is redistributed.
DEMAGNETISING AND CROSS
MAGNETISING CONDUCTORS
• The exact conductors which produce these distorting and
demagnetising effects are shown in Fig.

c
• All conductors lying within angles AOC = BOD = 2q at the top and
bottom of the armature, are carrying current in such a direction as to
send the flux through the armature from right to left.
• This fact may be checked by applying crockscrew rule. It is these
conductors which act in direct opposition to the main field and are
hence called the demagnetising armature conductors.
EFFECTS OF ARMATURE REACTION
It decreases the efficiency of the machine
It produces sparking at the brushes
It produces a demagnetising effect on the
main poles
It reduces the emf induced
Self excited generators some times fail to build up emf
ARMATURE REACTION REMEDIES
1.Brushes must be shifted to the new position of the MNA
2.Extra turns in the field winding
3.Slots are made on the tips to increase the reluctance
4. The laminated cores of the shoe are staggered
5. In big machines the compensating winding at pole shoes produces a flux
which just opposes the armature mmf flux automatically.

You might also like