2025 년 1 학기 ‘ IT 실무영어 2’

강의자료
Chapter 03
Programming Language
00 Last week’s Review
01 Intro
02 Introduction to Programming Lan-
guage
03 Type of Programming Language
04 Object-Oriented Programming
05 Summary Conclusion
06 Great speeches from great people
07 This week's Crossword Quiz
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Last week’s Review

Chapter 02
Operating System

3
Intro

Programming Languages

4
Intro

Programming Languages

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Intro

Computer systems should have programs to

provide various services for users.
The programs usually are made by program-
mers.
The programmers should have programming
languages to make programs.
There are various programming languages
available and programmers should choose a
suitable language for their usage.
Then, let’s learn programming languages.
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Introduction to Programming
Language(1)
Programming Language 프로그래밍 언어

A Programming Language is a vocabulary and set of grammat-

ical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks.
The term programming language usually refers to high-level
languages, such as C, C++, Java, Python and so on.
• Each language has a unique set of keywords and a special syntax for
organizing program instructions.

High-level programming languages, while simple compared to

human languages, are more complex than the languages the
computer actually understands, called machine languages.
• Each different type of CPU has its own unique machine language.

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Introduction to Programming
Language(2)
Assembly Language &
Fourth-Generation Language 어셈블리와 4 세대 언어

Lying between machine languages and high-level languages

are languages called assembly languages.
Assembly languages are similar to machine languages, but
they are much easier to program in because they allow a pro-
grammer to substitute names for numbers.
• Machine languages consist of numbers only.

Lying above high-level languages are languages called fourth-

generation languages (usually abbreviated 4GL).
4GLs are far removed from machine languages and represent
the class of computer languages closest to human languages.
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Introduction to Programming
Language(3)
The Choice of Programming Language 프로그래밍 언어 선택

Regardless of what language you use, you eventually need to

convert your program into machine language so that the com-
puter can understand it. There are two ways to do this:
• compile the program • interpret the program

The question of which language is the best is one that con-

sumes a lot of time and energy among computer profession-
als.
Every language has its strengths and weaknesses.
• For example, FORTRAN is a particularly good language for processing
numerical data, but it does not lend itself very well to organizing
large programs.
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Introduction to Programming
Language(3)
The Choice of Programming Language 프로그래밍 언어 선택

• Pascal is very good for writing well-structured and readable pro-

grams, but it is not as flexible as the C programming language.
• C++ embodies powerful object-oriented features, but it is complex
and difficult to learn.

The choice of which language to use depends on the type of

computer the program is to run on, what sort of program it is,
and the expertise of the programmer.

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Type of Programming
Language(1)
C
C is a high-level programming language developed by Dennis
Ritchie at Bell Labs in the mid 1970s.
Although originally designed as a systems programming lan-
guage, C has proved to be a powerful and flexible language
that can be used for a variety of applications, from business
programs to engineering.
• C is a particularly popular language for personal computer pro-
grammers because it is relatively small - it requires less memory
than other languages.

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Type of Programming
Language(1)
C
The first major program written in C was the UNIX operating
system.
And for many years C was considered to be inextricably linked
with UNIX.
• Now, however, C is an important language independent of UNIX.

Although it is a high-level language, C is much closer to as-

sembly language than are most other high-level languages.
This closeness to the underlying machine language allows C
programmers to write very efficient code.
• The low-level nature of C, however, can make the language difficult
to use for some types of applications.
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Type of Programming
Language(2)
C++
C++ is a high-level programming language developed by
Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs.
• C++ adds object-oriented features to its predecessor, C.

C++ is one of the most popular programming language for

graphical applications, such as those that run in Windows and
Macintosh environments.

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Type of Programming
Language(3)
Java 자바

Java is a high-level programming language developed by Sun

Microsystems.
Java was originally called OAK, and was designed for handheld
devices and set-top boxes.
• Oak was unsuccessful so in 1995 Sun changed the name to Java and
modified the language to take advantage of the burgeoning World
Wide Web.

Java is an object-oriented language similar to C++, but simpli-

fied to eliminate language features that cause common pro-
gramming errors.

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Type of Programming
Language(3)
Java 자바

Java source code files (files with a .java extension) are com-
piled into a format called byte code (files with a .class exten-
sion), which can then be executed by a Java interpreter.
Compiled Java code can run on most computers because Java
interpreters and runtime environments, known as Java Virtual
Machines (JVM), exist for most operating systems, including
UNIX, the Macintosh OS, and Windows.
Bytecode can also be converted directly into machine lan-
guage instructions by a just-in-time compiler (JIT).

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Type of Programming
Language(4)
C#
C# is pronounced “see-sharp.”
• A hybrid of C and C++, it is a Microsoft programming language de-
veloped to compete with Sun’s Java language.

C# is an object-oriented programming language used with

XML-based Web services on the .NET platform and designed
for improving productivity in the development of Web applica-
tions.
C# boasts type-safety, garbage collection, simplified type dec-
larations, versioning and scalability support, and other fea-
tures that make developing solutions faster and easier, espe-
cially for COM+ and Web services.
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Object-Oriented Programming(1)

Object-Oriented Programming 객체 지향 프로그래밍

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming lan-

guage model organized around “objects” rather than “actions”
and data rather than logic. Historically, a program has been
viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes
it, and produces output data.
• The programming challenge was seen as how to write the logic, not
how to define the data.

Object-oriented programming takes the view that what we re-

ally care about are the objects we want to manipulate rather
than the logic required to manipulate them.
• Examples of objects range from human beings (described by name,
address, and so forth) to buildings and floors. 17
Object-Oriented Programming(2)

Object-Oriented Programming 객체 지향 프로그래밍

The first step in OOP is to identify all the objects you want to
manipulate and how they relate to each other.
• Once you’ve identified an object, you generalize it as a class of ob-
jects and define the kind of data it contains and any logic sequences
that can manipulate it.
• Each distinct logic sequence is known as a method. A real instance of
a class is called an “object” or, in some environments, an “instance
of a class.” The object or class instance is what you run in the com-
puter.

Its methods provide computer instructions and the class object

characteristics provide relevant data.
• You communicate with objects and they communicate with each 18
Object-Oriented Programming(3)

Object-Oriented Programming 객체 지향 프로그래밍

The concepts and rules used in object-oriented programming

provide these important benefits:
• The concept of a data class makes it possible to define subclasses of
data objects that share some or all of the main class characteristics.
• Called inheritance, this property of OOP forces a more thorough data
analysis, reduces development time, and ensures more accurate cod-
ing.
• Since a class defines only the data it needs to be concerned with,
when an instance of that class is run, the code will not be able to ac-
cidentally access other program data.
• This characteristic of data hiding provides greater system security
and avoids unintended data corruption.
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Object-Oriented Programming(4)

Object-Oriented Programming 객체 지향 프로그래밍

• The definition of a class is reusable not only by the program for

which it is initially created but also by other object-oriented pro-
grams (and, for this reason, can be more easily distributed for use in
networks).
• The concept of data classes allows a programmer to create any new
data type that is not already defined in the language itself.
• ‘Simula’ was the first object-oriented programming language.

• C++ and Java are the most popular object-oriented languages today.

• The Java programming language is designed especially for use in dis-

tributed applications on corporate networks and the Internet.

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Summary Conclusion

Summary(1)
Visual Basic is a programming language and environment de-
veloped by Microsoft.
Based on the BASIC language, Visual Basic was one of the first
products to provide a graphical programming environment for
developing user interfaces.
• Instead of worrying about syntax details, the Visual Basic program-
mer can add a substantial amount of code simply by dragging and
dropping controls, such as buttons and dialog boxes, and then defin-
ing their appearance and behavior.

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Summary Concluson

Summary(2)
Although not a true object-oriented programming language in
the strictest sense, Visual Basic nevertheless has an object-
oriented philosophy.
It is sometimes called an event-driven language because each
object can react to different events such as a mouse click.

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Great speeches from great people

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Great speeches from great people

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This week's Crossword Quiz

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This week's Crossword Quiz

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