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Lecture Slides 08 082-Processes-Creating

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4 views5 pages

Lecture Slides 08 082-Processes-Creating

Uploaded by

yihuangece
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Washington

Section 8: Processes
 What is a process
 Creating processes
 Fork-Exec

Processes
University of Washington

Creating New Processes & Programs


 fork-exec model:
 fork() creates a copy of the current process
 execve() replaces the current process’ code & address space with
the code for a different program

 fork() and execve() are system calls


 Note: process creation in Windows is slightly different from Linux’s fork-
exec model

 Other system calls for process management:


 getpid()
 exit()
 wait() / waitpid()

Processes
University of Washington

fork: Creating New Processes


 pid_t fork(void)
 creates a new process (child process) that is identical to the calling
process (parent process)
 returns 0 to the child process
 returns child’s process ID (pid) to the parent process

pid_t pid = fork();


if (pid == 0) {
printf("hello from child\n");
} else {
printf("hello from parent\n");
}

 fork is unique (and often confusing) because it is called once


but returns twice

Processes
University of Washington

Understanding fork
Process n Child Process m
pid_t pid = fork(); pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) { if (pid == 0) {
printf("hello from child\n"); printf("hello from child\n");
} else { } else {
printf("hello from parent\n"); printf("hello from parent\n");
} }

pid_t pid = fork(); pid_t pid = fork();


if (pid == 0) { if (pid == 0) {
pid = m printf("hello from child\n"); pid = 0 printf("hello from child\n");
} else { } else {
printf("hello from parent\n"); printf("hello from parent\n");
} }

pid_t pid = fork(); pid_t pid = fork();


if (pid == 0) { if (pid == 0) {
printf("hello from child\n"); printf("hello from child\n");
} else { } else {
printf("hello from parent\n"); printf("hello from parent\n");
} }

hello from parent Which one is first? hello from child


Processes
University of Washington

Fork Example
 Parent and child both run the same code
 Distinguish parent from child by return value from fork()
 Which runs first after the fork() is undefined
 Start with same state, but each has a private copy
 Same variables, same call stack, same file descriptors…

void fork1()
{
int x = 1;
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
printf("Child has x = %d\n", ++x);
} else {
printf("Parent has x = %d\n", --x);
}
printf("Bye from process %d with x = %d\n", getpid(), x);
}

Processes

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