SOFTWARE

ENGINEERING
APPROACHES
 A Process Framework

A framework process establishes the

foundation for a complete software
process by identifying a small number
of framework activities that are
applicable to all software projects,
regardless of their size or complexity.
 Five Generic Framework Activities

 Communication- This framework activity

involves heavy communication and
collaboration with the customer(and other
stakeholders)and encompasses requirements
gathering and other related activities.
 Planning- This activity establishes a plan for
the software engineering work that follows. It
describes the technical tasks to be
conducted , the risks that are likely , the
resources that will be required, the work
products to be produced, and a work
schedule.
 Modeling-This activity encompasses the creation
of models that allow the developer and the
customer to better understand software
requirements and the design that will achieve
those requirements. Modeling activity is
composed of two software engineering actions:
1. Analysis-encompasses a set of work tasks(e.g.
requirement gathering, elaboration,
negotiation, specification, and validation)that
lead to the creation of the analysis model.
2. Design-includes work tasks(data design,
architectural design, and component-level
design)that create a design model.
 Construction- This activity combines code
generation(either manual or automated) and
the testing that is required to uncover errors in
the code.
 Deployment- The software is delivered to the
customer who evaluates the delivered product
and provides feedback based on the evaluation.
These activities can be used during the
development of small programs , the creation of
large Web applications, and for the engineering
of large , complex computer-based systems.
 ESSAY:
Explain the following essay question. Write in ½ crosswise.

Why every framework activity is important

in software development? Explain.
 Different projects demand different task
sets. The software team chooses the task set
based on problem and project
characteristics.

Task Set-The actual work to be done to

accomplish the objectives of a software
engineering action.

The framework described in the generic view

of software engineering is complemented by
a number of umbrella activities. Umbrella
activities are independent of any framework
 Software engineering
Umbrella Activities:

 Software Project Tracking and

Control-allows the software team to
asses progress against the project
plan and take necessary action to
maintain schedule.
 Risk Management-Assesses risks that
may effect the outcome of the project
or the quality of the product.
 Software Quality Assurance-Defines and
conducts the activities required to ensure
software quality.
 Formal Technical Reviews-Assesses software
engineering work products in an effort to
uncover and remove errors before they
propagated to the next action or activity.
 Measurement- Defines and collects process,
projects, and product measures that assist
the team in delivering software that meets
customer’s needs; can be used in
conjunction with all other framework and
umbrella activities
 Software Configuration Management-Manages
the effects of change throughout the software
process.
 Reusability Management-Defines criteria for
work product reuse(including software
components)and establishes mechanisms to
achieve reusable components.
 Work Product Preparation and Production-
Includes the activities required to create work
products such as models, documents, logs,
forms, and lists.

Umbrella Activities occur throughout the

A generic process framework for software
engineering defines five framework activities—
communication, planning, modeling,
construction, and deployment.
In addition, a set of umbrella activities—
project tracking and control, risk management,
quality assurance, configuration
management,technical reviews, and others—
are applied throughout the process.
Another one important aspect of the
software process is a Process flow—describes
how the framework activities and the actions
and tasks that occur within each framework
activity are organized with respect to sequence
 Software Process Model
It is important to define a life-cycle model
for each software project because the model
provides a basis for controlling the various
activities required to develop and maintain a
software product. The selection of a process
model is based on the nature of the project and
application, the tools to be used and the
controls and deliverables that are required.
 Linear sequential model-It suggests a
systematic, sequential approach to the
software development that begins at the
system level and progresses through analysis,
design, coding, testing and maintenance.
 Iterative process flow- repeats one or more of
the activities before proceeding to the next
activity.
 Evolutionary process flow- executes the
activities in a “circular” manner. Each circuit
through the five activities leads to a more
complete version of the software
 Parallel process flow- executes one or more
QUERIES?
 ESSAY:

Among the Software Process models

discussed, what process model would you
preferred to adopt?
Why?
Discuss your answer.