Scribd
Upload
2 views

Conditionals

The document explains conditional sentences, which consist of a condition in the dependent clause and a result in the independent clause, often using 'if'. It details four types of conditionals: zero, first, second, and third, each with specific structures and uses. Additionally, it includes examples and common errors associated with conditional sentences.

Uploaded by

rinivaishnavi26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Conditionals

The document explains conditional sentences, which consist of a condition in the dependent clause and a result in the independent clause, often using 'if'. It details four types of conditionals: zero, first, second, and third, each with specific structures and uses. Additionally, it includes examples and common errors associated with conditional sentences.

Uploaded by

rinivaishnavi26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

CONDITIONALS

WINSEM2022-23
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
• Conditional sentences are statements discussing known
factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences.
• Conditional sentences have two parts or clauses that give a
condition in the dependent clause and a result in the
independent clause.
• The condition clause usually contains an if statement.
If a certain condition is true, then a particular result happens.
If I wake up early, I always read in bed.
Condition (if) clause +
result clause
ZERO CONDITIONAL
• Zero conditional sentences express general truths—
situations in which one thing always causes another.
• When you use a zero conditional, you’re talking about a
general truth rather than a specific instance of something.
If I wake up early, I always read in bed.
If you don’t brush your teeth, you get cavities.
If it rains, I take an umbrella with me to work.

If + simple present, simple


present
• when using the zero conditional, the correct tense to use in both
clauses is the simple present tense.
• A common mistake is to use the simple future tense.
When people smoke cigarettes, their health will suffer.
• The words if and when can be used interchangeably in these zero
conditional sentences. This is because the outcome will always be
the same, so it doesn’t matter “if” or “when” it happens.
FIRST CONDITIONAL

• First conditional sentences are used to express situations in


which the outcome is likely (but not guaranteed) to happen in
the future.
• The first conditional uses the present tense in the if clause
and the future tense in the result clause.
If you rest, you will feel better.
If you set your mind to a goal, you’ll eventually achieve it.
If + simple present, will +
base verb
SECOND CONDITIONAL

• Second conditional sentences are useful for expressing outcomes


that are completely unrealistic or will not likely happen in the future.
• The second conditional uses the past tense in the if clause and a
modal (could, should, would, might etc.) and base verb in the result
clause.
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a large vacation home.
If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.

If + simple past, modal +


base verb
SECOND CONDITIONAL

• The condition and the result are not taking place in the past,
but the past tense is used to indicate the unreal nature of the
situation.
• Use a modal auxiliary verb in the main clause when using the
second conditional mood to express the unlikelihood that the
result will actually happen.
THIRD CONDITIONAL

• Third conditional sentences are used to explain that present


circumstances would be different if something different had
happened in the past.
• The third conditional uses the past perfect in the if clause
and a modal and present perfect in the result clause.
If it had rained last week, the plants would not have died.
If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
If + past perfect, modal +
present perfect
THIRD CONDITIONAL

• These sentences express a condition that was likely enough,


but did not actually happen in the past.
• These are all conditions that were likely, but regrettably did
not happen.
EXERCISE

• If I had a million dollars, _____ (can/could/will) visit Paris.


• If I had studied harder, I ______ (would pass/will pass/would have
passed) the exam.
• If I study hard, I ______ (will pass/would pass/would have passed) the
exam.
• If it rains tomorrow, we _______ (cancel/will cancel/would cancel) the
picnic.
• If I were taller, I ______ (play/will play/would play) basketball.
• Whenever you boil water, it _____ (will turn/turns/would turn) into
steam.
CONDITIONALS ERRORS

• If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it will boil.


• If you mix red and blue, it will create purple.
• If I eat too much, I feel sick.
• If it will rain tomorrow, I'll stay at home.
• If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the train.
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
If you mix red and blue, it creates purple.
If I eat too much, I will feel sick.
If it rains tomorrow, I'll stay at home.
If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the train.

You might also like