Matplotlib
Disclaimer
Content of this presentation is not original and
it has been prepared from various sources for
teaching purpose.
Introduction
Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python
programming language and its extension
NumPy.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
OR
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
Line Chart
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 10)
y=x+1
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='-‘, color=‘b’)
plt.show()
Color
Character Color
'b' Blue
'g' Green
'r' Red
'c' Cyan
'm' Magenta
'y' Yellow
'k' Black
'w' White
Plot’s linestyle
linestyle description
'-' or 'solid' solid line
'--' or 'dashed' dashed line
'-.' or 'dashdot' dash-dotted line
':' or 'dotted' dotted line
'None' draw nothing
'' draw nothing
'' draw nothing
Line Chart with marker
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 10)
y=x+1
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='-‘, color=‘b’, marker=‘o’)
plt.show()
Note: In the above code, making linestyle=‘ ‘, we will have
scatter plot.
Plot’s Marker
Sr. No. Character & Description Sr. No. Character & Description
1 '.‘ Point marker 14 '*‘ Star marker
2 ',‘ Pixel marker 15 'h‘ Hexagon1 marker
3 'o‘ Circle marker 16 'H‘ Hexagon2 marker
4 'v‘ Triangle_down 17 '+‘ Plus marker
marker 18 'x‘ X marker
5 '^‘ Triangle_up marker 19 'D‘ Diamond marker
6 '<‘ Triangle_left marker
20 'd‘ Thin_diamond
7 '>‘ Triangle_right marker
marker
21 '|‘ Vline marker
8 '1‘ Tri_down marker
22 '_‘ Hline marker
9 '2‘ Tri_up marker
10 '3‘ Tri_left marker
11 '4‘ Tri_right marker
12 's‘ Square marker
13 'p‘ Pentagon marker
Sine Wave
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# Compute the x and y coordinates
# for points on a sine curve
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.title("sine wave form")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
Subplot
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
# Make the first plot
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
# Set the second subplot as active, and # make the second
plot.
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
# Show the figure.
plt.show()
Subplot with suptitle
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)
plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.suptitle('Sine and Cosine')
plt.show()
Subplot with hspace
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)
plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.title('Cosine')
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.title('Sine')
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.5)
#wspace
plt.suptitle('Sine and Cosine')
Legend
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x,y1,label="student 1")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="student 2")
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.show()
Legend-loc
Location String Location Code
‘best’ 0
‘upper right’ 1
‘upper left’ 2
‘lower left’ 3
‘lower right’ 4
‘right’ 5
‘center left’ 6
‘center right’ 7
‘lower center’ 8
‘upper center’ 9
‘center’ 10
Ticks
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x,y1,label="student 1")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="student 2")
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(11))
plt.yticks(np.arange(16))
plt.show()
Ticks – User Defined
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x,y1,label="student 1")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="student 2")
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(1,11),
['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'],
rotation=45)
plt.yticks(np.arange(16))
plt.show()
Scatter Plot with Plot
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0,11)
y=x+1
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x, y, marker='o‘, color='b',
linestyle='')
plt.show()
Scatter Plot with plt.scatter
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(0,11)
y=x+1
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.scatter(x, y, marker='o', color='b')
plt.show()
Scatter Plot with plt.scatter
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.scatter(x, y1, label="student 1")
plt.scatter(x, y2, label="student 2")
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(1, 11), ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'], rotation=45)
plt.yticks(np.arange(16))
plt.show()
Scatter Plot with plt.scatter
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.scatter(x, y1, label="student 1", marker='o', color='b')
plt.scatter(x, y2, label="student 2", marker='^', color='r')
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(1, 11), ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'],
rotation=45)
plt.yticks(np.arange(16))
plt.show()
Scatter Plot and Line Plot with
Plot
x = np.arange(1,11)
y1 = x + 1
y2 = x + 5
plt.title("Matplotlib demo")
plt.xlabel("x axis caption")
plt.ylabel("y axis caption")
plt.plot(x, y1, label="student 1", marker='o', color='b', linestyle='')
plt.plot(x, y2, label="student 2", marker='^', color='r', linestyle='')
plt.plot(x, y1+2)
plt.legend(loc=2)
plt.xticks(np.arange(1,11),['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j'], rotation=45)
plt.yticks(np.arange(16))
plt.show()
Bar Graph
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = [5, 8, 10]
y = [12, 16, 6]
x2 = [6, 9, 11]
y2 = [6, 15, 7]
plt.bar(x, y, color = 'b', align = 'center')
plt.bar(x2, y2, color = 'g', align = 'center')
plt.title('Bar graph')
plt.ylabel('Y axis')
plt.xlabel('X axis')
plt.show()
Histogram
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
a = np.array([22,87,5,43,56,73,55,54,11,20,51,5,79,31,27])
plt.hist(a, bins = [0,20,40,60,80,100], color = 'b', edgecolor='k', linewidth
= 0.5)
plt.title("histogram")
plt.show()
OpenCV - Installing and
Importing
pip install opencv-python
import cv2
OpenCV - Reading an Image
img = cv2.imread(“Desert.jpg”)
OpenCV - Showing an Image
cv2.imshow(“First Figure”,img)
OpenCV – Writing an Image
cv2.imwrite(“Desert1.jpg”, img)
OpenCV – Resizing an Image
img1=cv2.resize(img, (360, 512))
or
img1=cv2.resize(img, None, fx=0.5, fy=0.5)
#fx -> columns
OpenCV
• Around 2500 efficient algorithms
• Face detection applications
• Object identification applications
• Anomaly detection from a video
• Content-based image retrieval
Reading data from a CSV File
import pandas
import numpy as np
data=pandas.read_csv('temp.csv',header=None)
#default header argument is infer
data=data.as_matrix() # or data=data.values
print(data)
Writing data to a CSV File
import numpy
import pandas as pd
a = numpy.array([ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ])
df = pd.DataFrame(a)
df.to_csv("file.csv", header=None, index=False)
Disclaimer
Content of this presentation is not original and
it has been prepared from various sources for
teaching purpose.
