Electrical Engineering (EE-103)

Lecture-8
Wye-Delta Transformations

Fall 2024

1
 Lecture Outline
• Introduction
• to Transformation
• to Reformation
• Example Problems
• Exercise Problems

2
 Introduction
• Situations often arise in circuit analysis when the resistors are
neither in parallel nor in series.

• How do we combine resistors when the resistors are neither in

series nor in parallel?

3
 Introduction
• Many circuits of this type can be simplified by using three-
terminal equivalent networks.

• These are the wye (Y) or tee (T) network

4
 Introduction
• Many circuits of this type can be simplified by using three-
terminal equivalent networks.

• The delta () or pi () network

5
 Introduction
• They are used in three-phase networks, electrical filters, and
matching networks.

• Our main interest here is in how to identify them when they occur
as part of a network and how to apply wye-delta transformation in
the analysis of that network. 6
 Delta to Wye Conversion
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏
𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 𝑅 3=
𝑅1 = 𝑅 2= 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

• To transform a network to , we create an extra node .

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 Wye to Delta Conversion
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏
𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 𝑅 3=
𝑅1 = 𝑅 2= 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

• To obtain the conversion formulas for transforming a wye network to

an equivalent delta network, we note from above equations
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1=
( 𝑅 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )2
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1= (8)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
• Dividing equation (8) by equations (5), (6) and (7)
𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑎= (9)
𝑅1
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1
𝑅 𝑏= (10)
𝑅2

𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3+ 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑐= (11)
𝑅3

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 Wye to Delta Conversion
• The and networks are said to be balanced when

𝑅1 =𝑅2 = 𝑅3 =𝑅 𝑌 𝑅 𝑎= 𝑅 𝑏=𝑅 𝑐 =𝑅 Δ

• Under these conditions, conversion formulas become

𝑅Δ
𝑅𝑌 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑅 Δ =3 𝑅 𝑌
3

9
 Example
• Convert the network to an equivalent network.

• Solution: we will use Delta to Wye conversion equations.

𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 250
• 𝑅1 =
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐
=
50
=5 Ω

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 Example
• 𝑅 2=
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐
=
62.5
= 2.27 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 27.5

𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 125
𝑅 3= = =4.54 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐 27.5

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 Example
• Convert the network to an equivalent network.

• Solution: Now we will use Wye to Delta conversion equations.

𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
• 𝑅 𝑎=
𝑅1
=140 Ω
𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3+ 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑐= =35 Ω
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1 𝑅3
𝑅 𝑏= =70 Ω
𝑅2
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 Example-8.1
• Obtain the equivalent resistance for the circuit given below and use
it to find .

• Solution: In this circuit, there are two networks and three

networks.
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 Example-8.1
• If we convert the network comprising of , and resistors.
• We may select
𝑅1 =10 Ω 𝑅 2=20 Ω 𝑅 3=5 Ω

𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑎= =35 Ω
𝑅1
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1
𝑅 𝑏= =17.5 Ω
𝑅2

𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3+ 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑐= =70 Ω
𝑅3

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 Example-8.1
• Combining the three pairs of resistors in parallel, we obtain

70 ×30
7 0 ∥ 30= =21 Ω
70 +30

12.5 ×17.5
1 2.5 ∥ 17.5= =7.292 Ω
12.5+17.5

15 × 35
1 5 ∥ 35= =10.5 Ω
15+35

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 Example-8.1
• can be determined as

17.792 × 21
𝑅 𝑎𝑏=( 7 .292+10.5 ) ∥ 21= =9.6 Ω
17.792+21

• Current can be calculated using Ohm’s law

𝑣𝑠
𝑖=
𝑅 𝑎𝑏

120
𝑖= =12.45 𝐴
9.632

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 Example-8.1 (solution-2)
• Now we convert the network comprising of , and resistors.
• We may select
𝑅 𝑎=12.5 Ω 𝑅 𝑏=10 Ω 𝑅 𝑐 =5 Ω

𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 50
𝑅1 = = =1.81 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 27.5

𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐 62.5
𝑅 2= = =2.27 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 27.5

𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 125
𝑅 3= = =4.54 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐 27.5

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 Example-8.1 (solution-2)
• and resistors are in series.
𝑅 𝑑𝑐𝑏 =2.27+ 15=17.27 Ω

• Also and resistors are in series.

𝑅 𝑑𝑛𝑏 =1.8+20=21.8 Ω

• and are in parallel

17.27 ×21.8
𝑅 𝑒= =9.63 Ω
17.27+ 21.8

• This resistor is again in series with resistor

𝑅 𝑓 =9.63+ 4.545=14.17 Ω

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 Example-8.1 (solution-2)
• This is again parallel to resistor

14.17 ×30
𝑅 𝑎𝑏= =9.63 Ω
14.17+ 30

• Current can be calculated using Ohm’s law

𝑣𝑠
𝑖=
𝑅 𝑎𝑏

120
𝑖= =12.46 𝐴
9.63

19
 Exercise Problems
• For the bridge network shown in following figure find equivalent resistance
andcurrent .

20
 Assignment
Submit this assignment in next class.
Obtain the equivalent resistance in following circuit.

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END OF LECTURE-8

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