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Data Storage

The document discusses data storage, including primary and secondary storage types, methods of data deletion, and backup strategies like the 3-2-1 rule. It also highlights challenges in data storage such as security, scalability, and environmental impact, along with examples of failed storage mediums. Additionally, it covers the use of RAID for redundancy and performance in enterprise data storage and the integration of cloud solutions.

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18 views16 pages

Data Storage

The document discusses data storage, including primary and secondary storage types, methods of data deletion, and backup strategies like the 3-2-1 rule. It also highlights challenges in data storage such as security, scalability, and environmental impact, along with examples of failed storage mediums. Additionally, it covers the use of RAID for redundancy and performance in enterprise data storage and the integration of cloud solutions.

Uploaded by

marjitorik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Storage

Szemjon Kazimirovszkij, Nikola Davidova


Data Storage

● The process of recording, storing, and accessing data


for further use.

● Important for businesses, and technological systems to


retrieve and manage data efficiently.
Primary Storage

RAM (Random Access Memory):


● Volatile, fast access memory used for temporary
storage while tasks are active. Crucial for system
performance.

Cache Memory:
● High-speed storage located close to the CPU. Stores
frequently accessed data to enhance processing speed.
Secondary Storage

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs):


● Magnetic storage with high capacity and cost-
effectiveness. Slower access speeds compared to
SSDs.

Solid State Drives (SSDs):


● Non-volatile, faster than HDDs, no moving parts.
Limited lifespan due to wear on memory cells.
How Data Is Deleted on HDDs

Standard Deletion
● What Happens? Data stays on the disk; only marked
as reusable.
● Data can be easily recovered with recovery tools.
Secure Deletion
● What Happens? Data is overwritten several times.
● Most Reliable Method: Destroy the disk physically
(e.g., shred or crush it).
How Data Is Deleted on SSDs

Standard Deletion

● What Happens? TRIM command tells the drive blocks are


reusable.
● The recovery is more difficult than HDDs, but still possible.

Secure Deletion

● What Happens? Specialized tools or firmware erase data


completely.
● Important: Methods depend on the SSD's controller (different
models work differently).
Offline Storage, Cloud Storage

Optical Storage:
● CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays—used for data distribution and
archival.

Magnetic Tape:
● Primarily for large-scale backup and archival purposes.

Cloud Storage

Remote storage solutions offering scalability and remote


access. Providers include AWS, Google Drive, and Dropbox.
Failed Storage Mediums:

LaserDiscs (1978-2001)

● Purpose: Video storage with superior quality compared to


VHS.
● Why it Failed:
○ High production and player costs.
○ Fragile and prone to scratches.
○ Limited recording capabilities.
○ DVDs quickly replaced them with similar quality at lower
costs
Failed Storage Mediums:

Magnetic Tapes (1960s-2000s)

● Purpose: Audio, video, and data storage (VHS, cassettes,


reel-to-reel).
● Why it Failed:
○ Fragile; prone to wear and degradation over time.
○ Bulky and difficult to store large volumes.
○ Replaced by CDs, DVDs, and digital formats.
Failed Storage Mediums:

Zip Discs (1994-2000s)

● Purpose: Portable data storage with higher capacity than


floppy disks.
● Why it Failed:
○ Unreliable; prone to hardware malfunctions ("Click of
Death").
○ Limited capacity compared to USB flash drives and
CDs/DVDs.
○ Expensive compared to newer, more versatile storage
Failed Storage Mediums:

Betamax (1975-1980s)

● Purpose: Compact video storage alternative to VHS.


● Why it Failed:
○ Short recording times compared to VHS.
○ Expensive players and tapes.
○ Lack of widespread adoption by consumers and manufacturers.
Backup Strategy: The 3-2-1 Rule

Three copies of data:


● 1 primary copy.
● 2 backup copies.

Two different storage media types:


● Example: HDD + Cloud.

One copy offsite:


● Protects against physical disasters.
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent
Disks)

Levels: RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, and their combinations

RAID 0: Performance boost, no redundancy

RAID 1: Mirroring for redundancy

RAID 5: Parity-based fault tolerance

RAID 10: Combination of mirroring and striping


Key Considerations in Data Storage

Capacity: Scalability for growing data needs.

Speed: Measured in data transfer rates (MB/s) and access times.

Durability: Lifespan of storage media (e.g., wear leveling in


SSDs).

Security: Encryption and backup mechanisms to prevent


breaches.

Cost: Balancing budget with storage requirements.


Challenges in Data Storage

Data Security:
○ Growing threats of cyberattacks and breaches.
Scalability vs. Cost:
○ Balancing storage needs with financial
constraints.
Environmental Impact:
○ High energy consumption of data centers.
○ Importance of sustainable storage solutions.
Case Studies and Real-World Applications

Enterprise Data Storage

● Use of RAID in servers for redundancy and performance.


● Cloud storage integration for scalability.

Personal Storage

● Devices: Smartphones, laptops, external drives.


● Cloud backup solutions like Google Drive.

Data Centers and Cloud Hosting

● Role of large-scale data centers in supporting cloud applications.


● Environmental considerations and energy efficiency efforts.

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