SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai

DEPARTMENT OF CSE (IoT)

23ITT201 – DIGITAL PRINCIPLES AND COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
II YEAR/ III SEMESTER

UNIT 1 – COMBINATIONAL LOGIC

TOPIC –MINTERMS ,MAXTERMS, SUM OF PRODUCTS AND PRODUCT OF SUMS

(Fundamentals)
 CANONICAL FORM ?

⮚ Canonical form in Boolean Expression can be expressed by two sub forms.

1. Standard Sum of Product (SSOP) - Each product term contains

all the variables of the function.
eg.
F(A,B,C) =A’BC + ABC’(standard Sop since all the three variables are available)

F(A,B,C) =AB+ ABC’(not a standard Sop since ‘C’ variable is missing

in the first function

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 CANONICAL FORM ?

2. Standard Product of Sum (SPOS) - Each sum term contains all the
variables of the function.

eg.
F(A,B,C,D) = (A+B+C’+D) (A+B’+C+D) (A+B+C+D’)- standard POS since
all the four variables are available in each function.

F(A,B,C) = (A+B+C’+D) (A+B’+D) (A+B+C+D’)- not a standard POS since

‘C’ variable is missing in the second function

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 STANDARD FORM?

⮚Standard SoP form means Standard Sum of Products form.

⮚ In this form, each product term need not contain all literals.

⮚Hence, the product terms may or may not be the min terms.

⮚Thus, the Standard SoP form is the simplified form of canonical SoP form.

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 REPRESENTATION OF MINTERMS AND
MAXTERMS

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 CONVERSION OF POS TO SOP FORM

⮚For getting the SOP form from the POS form, we have to change the symbol ∏
to ∑.

⮚After that, we write the numeric indexes of missing variables of the given
Boolean function.

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 CONVERSION OF POS TO SOP FORM

Steps to convert the POS function

eg. F = Π x, y, z (2, 3, 5) = x y' z' + x y' z + x y z' into SOP form
⮚In the first step, we change the operational sign to Σ.
⮚In the second step we find the missing indexes of the terms, 000, 110, 001, 100, and
111.
⮚Finally, we write the product form of the noted terms.
000 = x' * y' * z'
001 = x' * y' * z
100 = x * y' * z'
110 = x * y* z'
111 = x * y * z

⮚Now the SOP form is

F = Σ x, y, z (0, 1, 4, 6, 7) = (x' * y' * z') + (x' * y' * z) + (x * y' * z') + (x * y* z') + (x * y * z)

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 CONVERSION OF SOP TO POS FORM

⮚ To get the POS form of the given SOP form expression, we will change
the symbol ∏ to ∑.

⮚ Then next, we have to write the numeric indexes of the variables which
are missing in the boolean function.

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 CONVERSION OF SOP TO POS FORM

Steps used to convert the SOP function

F = ∑ x, y, z (0, 2, 3, 5, 7) = x' y' z' + z y' z' + x y' z + xyz' + xyz into POS

⮚In the first step, we change the operational sign to ∏.

⮚In the Second step, We find the missing indexes of the terms, 001, 110, and 100.
⮚ Finally ,write the sum form of the noted terms.

001 = (x + y + z’)
100 = (x’ + y + z)
110 = (x’ + y' + z)

⮚Now, the POS form is

F = Π x, y, z (1, 4, 6) = (x + y + z’) * (x’ + y + z) * (x’ + y' + z)

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 CONVERSION OF SOP FORM TO STANDARD SOP
FORM OR CANONICAL SOP FORM

Eg.
Convert the non standard SOP function F = AB + A C + B C

Sol:
F=AB+AC+BC
= A B (C + C') + A (B + B') C + (A + A') B C
= A B C + A B C' + A B C + A B' C + A B C + A' B C
= A B C + A B C' + A B' C + A' B C

⮚Now , the standard SOP form of non-standard form is

F = A B C + A B C' + A B' C + A' B C

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 CONVERSION OF POS FORM TO STANDARD POS FORM
OR CANONICAL POS FORM

⮚To get the standard POS form of the given non-standard POS form, we will add all the
variables in each product term that do not have all the variables.

⮚ By using the Boolean algebraic law (x * x' = 0) and by following the below steps, we
can easily convert the normal POS function into a standard POS form.

⮚First step, by adding each non-standard sum term to the product of its missing
variable and its complement, which results in 2 sum terms

⮚Second step,by Applying Boolean algebraic law, x + y z = (x + y) * (x + z)

⮚Third step, by repeating step 1, until all resulting sum terms contain all variables

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 CONVERSION OF POS FORM TO STANDARD POS FORM
OR CANONICAL POS FORM
Eg.
F = (p' + q + r) * (q' + r + s') * (p + q' + r' + s)
1. Term (p' + q + r)- In this case,variable s or s' is missing in this term.So we add s*s' = 1
in this term.
(p' + q + r + s*s') = (p' + q + r + s) * (p' + q + r + s')

2. Term (q' + r + s') – In this case, we add p*p' = 1 in this term for getting the term
containing all the variables.
(q' + r + s' + p*p') = (p + q' + r + s') * (p' + q' + r + s')

3. Term (p+q' + r + s') – In this case, there is no need to add anything because all the
variables are contained in this term.
Finally, standard POS form equation of the function is
F = (p' + q + r + s)* (p' + q + r + s')* (p + q' + r + s')* (p' + q' + r + s') * (p + q' + r' + s)

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 ASSESSMENTS

1. What is SOP & POS?

2. State Canonical and Standard form.
3. Minterms are also called as----------
4. Maxterms are also called as--------
5. Differentiate Canonical and Standard form.

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 THANK YOU

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