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PHYSICS

The document covers fundamental concepts in electricity, including work done, electric potential energy, capacitance, and resistance. It explains how capacitance is influenced by plate area, distance, and dielectric material, along with the rules for capacitors in series and parallel. Additionally, it discusses the laws of resistance and the relationship between voltage, current, and power.

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cos nun
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12 views44 pages

PHYSICS

The document covers fundamental concepts in electricity, including work done, electric potential energy, capacitance, and resistance. It explains how capacitance is influenced by plate area, distance, and dielectric material, along with the rules for capacitors in series and parallel. Additionally, it discusses the laws of resistance and the relationship between voltage, current, and power.

Uploaded by

cos nun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DRRR REVIEWER

W = Fd
WORK DONE

Change in Potential Energy


U= Uf-Ui
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
ENERGY
- The energy a charge in an electric field
possesses, which gives it the ability to
do work.
- Scalar
Electron
Volts
The magnitude e of the electron charge can be used to
define a unit of energy that is useful in many
calculations with atomic and nuclear systems. When a
particle with charge q moves from a point where the
potential is Vb to a point where it is Va, the change in
the potential energy U is
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is
affected by the following factors:

• 1. The area of plates. The bigger the area of the


plates, the greater the capacitance.
• 2. The distance between the plates. The closer the
plates to each other, the greater the capacitance.
• 3. The insulating material or dielectric between them.
The capacitance is determined in terms of the
material’s permittivity constant є – the higher the є,
the greater the capacitance.
A - area of one plate
d-is the distance between the plates,
є –the permittivity of the inslutaing
material
or dielectric.
Capacitance
C= capacitance (unit farad
• The measure of the extent to (F))
which a capacitor can store
charge is called its Q = the magnitude of the
capacitance. It is defined by charge on one plate (unit

Q
coulombs (C))

C
V = the p.d. between the
plates ( unit volts (V)

V
•Capacitors in Series
Capacitors are connected together
in series when
they are daisy
Chained together in a
single line.
There are three important rules
for capacitors in series.
• 1. The reciprocal of the total capacitance is equal to the sum of the
reciprocals of the individual capacitance. It should be noted that
adding a capacitor in series decreases the total capacitance of the
combination.
•2. The total potential difference or total
voltage is the sum of the potential
differences across each capacitor.
•3. The total charge is equal to
the individual charge stored
in each capacitor.
•Find the total Capacitance for three
capacitors connected in series ,
given their individual capacitances
are 1.000, 5.000, and 8.000 μF.
Capacitors in Parallel
• Capacitors are connected together in
• parallel when both of its terminals are
• connected to each terminal of another
• capacitor
•For the parallel capacitor,
the following rules apply:
• 1. The total capacitance is the sum of the individual capacitances.
2. The total Voltage is equal individual voltages .
3. The total charge is equal to the sum of the individual charges.
Find the total Capacitance for three capacitors connected in
parallel , given their individual capacitances are 1.000, 5.000,
and 8.001 0 μF.
•Charge(Q) is a property of a
body which experiences a
force (F) in an electric field
(E).
•Since electrons are so small and one
.electron will not have much of an effect
•anywhere, it is more useful to refer to large
groups of electrons. One coulomb of
charge is equivalent to
6,250,000,000,000,000,000
electrons
.

6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons
Each ampere is the flow of 6.24×10 18

electrons/second.
.
Coulom
Amper _______
b
e= second
Resistance

• Resistance is the opposition a material offers to


current. The symbol for resistance is R. All materials
offer some resistance to current but amount of
resistance differs from each other. There are high-
resistance and low-resistance materials. More energy
is required to move electrons through high-resistance
materials.
LAWS of RESISTANCE

Law of lengths.
Law of Diameters.
Law of Nature of the Material.
Law of temperatures.
LAWS of RESISTANCE
Law of lengths
• The current flowing through a wire will be reduced if the
wire were made longer, using the same power source.
LAWS of RESISTANCE
Law of diameter
• The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to the square of its
diameter or its cross-sectional area; that is R ∞ 1/d2, or R ∞ 1/A, where d is
the diameter and A is the area of the wire. Therefore,
LAWS of RESISTANCE
Law of Nature of the Material.
• Wires of different materials offer different amounts of resistance.
VOLTAG (CURRENT)
(CURRENT)
E=
volt
unit:
s
Potential Difference vs.
Electromotive Force
• The potential difference is defined as the amount of energy
used by onecoulomb of charge in moving from one point to
the other. It is measured in volts and represented by the
symbol V.
POWER
=unit:watt
s W(J
P= ___
)
_t(S)

P=V(v) x I (A)

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