PPRINCIPLES AND

CONCEPTS OF
CONTROL INTERFACE,
FUNCTIONS, STATUS
INDICATOR DEVICES,
ACTUATOR AND
LOCOMOTION
PRESENTED BY: HANNAH MAE R. MACALISANG
CONTROL
INTERFACE WHAT IS
S
CONTROL
INTERFAC
A 'Control Interface' is defined

E?
as a specification that outlines
the interface between
subsystems or subsystems
and the system they connect
to, covering areas such as
electrical, mechanical, optics,
data, software, support
equipment, and miscellaneous
interfaces. It includes details
like authorship, creation date,
scope, inputs and outputs,
connecting subsystems,
parameters, and
requirements.
CONTROL
INTERFACE
The control interface is the means
through which users interact with a
system to manipulate its functions
and parameters. It serves as a
bridge between human operators
and the system they are controlling.
Effective control interfaces should
be intuitive, ergonomic, and provide
users with the necessary feedback
to understand the state of the
system and the effects of their
actons.
PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES AND
CONCEPTS CONCEPTS
RELATED TO
1.USABILIT
YInterfaces should be designed with the user in mind, RELATED TO
CLARITY

CONTROL
ensuring ease of use andeciency in performing tasks.

2.
Functons should be clearly defined and labeled

FUNCTIONS
within the control interface, making it easy for
users to identify and select the desired

INTERFACE:
FEEDBACK
Providing real me feedback to users about the
MODULARITY operation.
outcome of their actions helps them understand
the system's response and make informed Breaking down complex systems into smaller,
decisions. modular functions allows for easier control and
3.INTUITIVENES
maintenance, as well as scalability and fexibility
S Interfaces should be designed in a way that in system design.
users can easily understand and navigate SAFET
without extensive training or instruction.
Y Functions should be designed with safety
4.CONSISTENCY considerations in mind to prevent accidents or
damage to the system or its surroundings.
Consistency in interface design across different
parts of the system or across similar systems
EFFICIENCY
enhances user familiarity and reduces the learning
curve.
ACCESSIBILITY Functions should be designed to operate efficiently,
. Interfaces should be accessible to users with minimizing resource consumption and maximizing
diverse needs, including thosewith disabili es, performance.
ensuring equal access to system controls and
funcons.
STATUS Lights:
You know those little lights on your computer or

INDICATORS
Status indicator devices are used to provide
phone that blink or change color? They are
status indicators. They tell you if your device is
on, if it's charging, or if there's a problem.

DEVICES
users with feedback about the current state or
condionof the system. These devices can take
Displays:
These are screens that show information. For
various forms, including lights, displays, example, your car's dashboard display
sounds, or tactile feedback mechanisms. tellsyou how fast you're going, how much fuel
you have, and if there are any issues with the
engine.
Sounds:
Ever hear a beep from your microwave when
your food is done? That's a status indicator
too. It tells you that the cooking cycle is
finished.
Tactile feedback:
Sometimes, devices give you feedback that
you can feel. For instance, when your phone
vibrates to let you know you've received a
message, that's a form of tactile feedback.
 PRINCIPLES AND
CONCEPTS
RELATED TO
1.VISIBILITY
Indicator devices should be easily to users,
STATUS
located in prominent positions within the
control interface or the system itself. This just

INDICATOR:
means that the indicator should be easy to
see.
2.CLARITY
Status indicators should convey information
clearly and unambiguously, using standardized
symbols or representations where possible.
3. TIMELINESS
Indicator devices should provide feedback in
timely manner, reflecting the current state of
the system without
ACTUATOR
S
Actuators are components
of a system responsible for
converting control signals
into physical action or
movement. They are means
through which the system
implements changes based
on user input or internal
processes.
 PRINCIPLES AND
CONCEPTS
RELATED TO
1.PRECISION
Actuators should be capable of precise and

ACTUATORS:
accurate control to achieve accurate and
consistent control, ensuring that they can
perform tasks with minimal error. For instance,
in robotic surgery.
2.
RESPONSIVENESS
Actuators should respond promptly to control
signals, minimizing delay and ensuring timely
execution of command.
3. RELIABILITY
Actuators should be reliable and durable,
capable of sustained operations over long
periods without failure.
4. COMPATABILITY

Actuators should be compatible with the overall

system design and intended application, meeting
the specific requirements and constrains of the
 TYPES OF
ACTUATORSt

Solenoid
Linear Actuators AC and DC Servo Actuators
The actuators that can Motor actuators
A solenoid actuator consists of a
provide motion in a Servo drives can be conducting coil wound on a
straight line at their powered by an AC or DC ferromagnetic core with a flat head
output can be classified power supply and consist on one side and a spring connected
under the category of of a motor, feedback unit, on the other. The whole apparatus is
linear actuators. control unit, and placed in a hollow cylindrical body.
Hydraulic or Pneumatic sometimes a gearbox. The
Whenever electric current flows
actuators are the most working of a servo motor
through the wire, the coil acts as an
greatly differs from that of
common linear electromagnet, attracting the
ordinary AC or DC motors.
actuators used in the ferromagnetic core in one direction
To operate a servo motor,
industry. a control signal is required and compressing the spring during
in addition to the power. the process.
 TYPES OF
ACTUATORSt

Solenoid
Hydraulic Actuators Mechanical Actuators
These actuators make use of Actuators
A solenoid actuator consists of a
liquids as a driving force to conducting coil wound on a
These actuators are used
produce mechanical work. ferromagnetic core with a flat head
Hydraulic Actuators are to interconvert rotary and
on one side and a spring connected
probably the most widely used linear motion in machines. on the other. The whole apparatus is
linear actuators in real-life Some examples of placed in a hollow cylindrical body.
applications. These devices are Whenever electric current flows
mechanical actuators are
used when stable, but high through the wire, the coil acts as an
rack and pinion
actuating thrust/high forces electromagnet, attracting the
are required in a small region. arrangements, ferromagnetic core in one direction
crankshafts, gears, and compressing the spring during
pulleys, and chains. the process.
The efficiency of an actuator is determined by
its ability to convert input energy into useful
mechanical motion with minimal energy loss.
Factors such as friction, heat generation, and
mechanical resistance can impact an
actuator's efficiency, making it essential to
consider these aspects when designing and
selecting actuators for specific applications.
Additionally, the actuator's response time,
accuracy, and repeatability are critical
performance metrics that influence its
suitability for various tasks.
LOCOMOTION Mobility: Locomotion systems should provide
adequate mobility to navigate various terrains and
environments effectively. This includes capabilities
such as walking, rolling, crawling, or swimming,
In robotics, it refers to the ability of a robot to depending on the application requirements.
move from one place to another. It's a
Stability: Stability is crucial to ensure that the
fundamental aspect of robotic systems, robot maintains balance and remains upright
enabling them to navigate environments, during locomotion. Designing stable locomotion
perform tasks, and interact with objects. systems involves considerations such as the
robot's center of gravity, base support, and control
algorithms to adjust for external disturbances
Adaptability: Locomotion systems should
be adaptable to different conditions and
scenarios. This might involve adjusting
altering speed, or switching between
different locomotion modes based on
environmental cues or user commands.

Energy Efficiency: Efficient locomotion systems optimize

energy consumption to extend operational endurance and
reduce the need for frequent recharging or refueling. This
involves minimizing friction, optimizing motor control
algorithms, and employing lightweight materials.
LOCOMOTION
In robotics, it refers to the ability of a robot to FAULT TOLERANCE:
move from one place to another. It's a Locomotion systems should be resilient
fundamental aspect of robotic systems,
to failures or malfunctions to ensure
enabling them to navigate environments,
perform tasks, and interact with objects. robust performance in real-world
scenarios.

SAFETY: Safety is paramount

locomotion systems to prevent
accidents collisions with obstacles,
other robots, or humans,.
A major goal in this field is in
developing capabilities for
robots to autonomously
decide how, when, and where
to move. However,
coordinating numerous robot
joints for even simple
matters, like negotiating
stairs, is difficult. Autonomous
robot locomotion is a major
technological obstacle for
many areas of robotics, such
as humanoids (like Honda's
Asimo).
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