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Ch10-Introduction to Programming

The document provides an overview of programming, including the definition of a program, characteristics of programming languages, and the programming development cycle. It explains the Input, Processing, Output (IPO) model, tools for converting high-level languages to low-level languages, and the process of converting flowcharts to programs. Additionally, it highlights the evolution of programming languages and the significance of developers in the field.

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2 views

Ch10-Introduction to Programming

The document provides an overview of programming, including the definition of a program, characteristics of programming languages, and the programming development cycle. It explains the Input, Processing, Output (IPO) model, tools for converting high-level languages to low-level languages, and the process of converting flowcharts to programs. Additionally, it highlights the evolution of programming languages and the significance of developers in the field.

Uploaded by

samtnkn0711
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction To

Programming
Chapter 10
Introduction To Programming
● A Program is also called a software.
● Is a set of instructions.
● Ada Lovelace developed first program.
● FORTRAN was the first high level language.
● Initial programs written in machine language.
● Assembly language used words like ADD, SUB and so on.
● High level language used human readable text.
● LISP is used for scientific calculations.
A Program
A Program has:
● Variables & Constants
● Statements
● Conditional Constructs
● Branching
● Loops
● Input & Output

Image Source: https://pixabay.com/photos/technology-computer-black-code-1283624/


Characteristics Of Programming
Languages
● Usability: Provides relevant functionalities.
● Efficiency: Use minimum resources in least time.
● Robustness: Good at error handling.
● Maintainability: Work with new features.
● Portability: Works across different platforms.
Tools To Convert To Low Level Language
● Interpreter: Step by step translation of source code to machine code.
● Compiler: Complete translation of source code.
● Assemblers: Convert assembly language into binary.
Programming Development Cycle
Programming Development Cycle
● Planning: Information gathering and cost-benefit analysis done.
● Analysis: Problem-solution step, define project goals.
● Design: Defines the architectural model.
● Implementation: Execution phase of project.
● Testing and Integration: Tested for errors and loopholes.
● Maintenance: Regular maintenance for working.
Input, Processing, Output
● Input Processing Output or IPO model.
● A storage memory for storing intermediate result.
● Feedback in some systems available.
● Program passes through three phases.
○ Input
○ Processing
○ Output
Input, Processing, Output In
Programming
● Input is raw data given by users.
● Input is human readable text.
● Input can be one or more than one.
● Input converted to machine code.
● Processing for calculations.
● Processing done in binary numbers.
● Processing takes place in CPU.
Input, Processing, Output in
Programming
● CPU has CU, ALU and memory for processing.
● Processing makes data meaningful.
● Output converts data into human readable form.
● Output may be one or more.
Input Processing Output Model With
Feedback
Converting Flowcharts To Program
● Flowcharting converts algorithms to flowcharts.
● Coding transforms flowcharts into programs.
● Three main step in conversion are:
○ Determining the input and output.
○ Develop the logic.
○ Writing the code.
Food For Thought
● Brain, first computer virus invented for MS-DOS in 1986.
● Made by two brothers in Pakistan.
● To defend illegal software distribution.
● Infected FAT system.
● After attack, system displayed details and phone number for contact.
The Brain Virus Hex Code
Final Words
● Programs are the core of computers.
● Hardware is useless without instructions.
● Newer programming languages are always emerging for various purposes.
● Developers have a huge role.
● Languages are becoming lesser and lesser complex now.

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