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Grade 8 - Week 10 Error Detection Methods

The document outlines methods for error checking and correction in data transmission, emphasizing the importance of detecting errors caused by various factors. Key techniques discussed include parity bits, checksums, and Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQ) for ensuring data integrity. The document also includes examples and tasks to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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rmahmad23
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5 views22 pages

Grade 8 - Week 10 Error Detection Methods

The document outlines methods for error checking and correction in data transmission, emphasizing the importance of detecting errors caused by various factors. Key techniques discussed include parity bits, checksums, and Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQ) for ensuring data integrity. The document also includes examples and tasks to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

rmahmad23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Error checking

Cambridg and correction


e Communication
IGCSE and Internet
technologies
Computer
Science
2 Section 1
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Objectives
• Understand the need to check for errors in data transmission
• Explain how parity bits are used for error detection
• Identify and describe checksums for error detection
• Describe the use of Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQ) to check for
correct data transmission
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Starter-Quick recap on serial and parallel


data transmission
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Starter - Answer
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Transmission errors
• When data is transmitted, it doesn’t
always arrive in the same format that
it was sent
• Electrical interference
• Power surges
• Synchronisation issues
• Wear and tear on the cable or connectors

• These errors cause bits to flip from


1s to 0s and 0s to 1s
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Error checking
• Computers need methods to check for data transmission errors caused
by interference
• These methods include the use of:
• Parity bits
• Check sums and
• Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQ)
• Check digits
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Parity bits
• Computers use either odd or even parity
• When sending a byte of data, one bit is used as a parity bit
• This bit is set to a 1 or 0 to make the total number of 1s or 0s in the
byte (including the parity bit) odd or even depending on the machine

0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
Parity bit
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Question
Odd or even parity
• What would the value of the parity bit be for the following, using even
parity?

1 0 0 1 0 1 0
Parity bit

• Give the parity bit value here using odd parity?

0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Parity bit
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Using parity for error detection


• When data is transmitted, the parity bit is set at the transmitting end and
parity is checked at the receiving end
• If the wrong number of bits are ‘on’, an error has occurred
• The receiving computer notifies the transmitting end and the data is resent
• How could a parity check allow an erroneous byte past detection?
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Task 1
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Task 1 - Answer
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Checksums
• A checksum works in a similar way to a check digit
• A total sum of all bytes in a transmission of data is calculated using an algorithm
• The sum is often sent with the data
• The receiving computer recalculates the checksum based on the data it received and
compares it with the checksum received or a known, expected value
• If it does not match, the data may have been altered or corrupted during
transmission and the data is resent
• Checksums are used with Credit Card numbers
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Simple checksum example


• The number of bytes in the transmission is counted
as 4
• The checksum is given the value 4 in binary and
sent with the real data

00000100 01101011 11011011 01101010 10010110


Check sum

• What flaws or weaknesses are there in the method


used in this example?
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Task 2
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Automatic Repeat reQuests


• Computers using ARQs will automatically return an acknowledgement
that the data was correct
• The simplest Stop-and-wait ARQ will
resend the data if an acknowledgement
Compression
is not received within a specific time
period; it will assume that there was
a flaw in the data or transmission error
• It is sometimes used with mobile phone
network data
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

ARQ flowchart
START

Set timer Resend data

Has timer Yes


timed out?

No

No
Acknowledgement
received?

Yes

Transmission
complete

END
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Task 3
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Task 3 - Answer
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Task 4
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

TASK 4 - Answer
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Plenary - Kahoot
• https://create.kahoot.it/share/data-transmission-and-error-checking-met
hod/fbda4817-f298-414f-a90f-e3303186d90e
Error checking and correction
Unit 2 Communication and Internet technologies

Success Criteria
• I can explain the need to check for errors in data transmission
• I can Explain how parity bits are used for error detection
• I can Identify and describe checksums for error detection
• I can describe the use of Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQ) to check
for correct data transmission

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