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Introduction to Advanced Data Models

The document provides an overview of the Object-Relational Data Model (ORDBMS), which integrates features from both relational databases and object-oriented programming to manage complex data more effectively. Key concepts include user-defined types, inheritance, encapsulation, and the ability to handle multimedia and geospatial data. While ORDBMS offers advantages in data integrity and extensibility, it also presents challenges such as increased complexity and limited adoption.

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16 views

Introduction to Advanced Data Models

The document provides an overview of the Object-Relational Data Model (ORDBMS), which integrates features from both relational databases and object-oriented programming to manage complex data more effectively. Key concepts include user-defined types, inheritance, encapsulation, and the ability to handle multimedia and geospatial data. While ORDBMS offers advantages in data integrity and extensibility, it also presents challenges such as increased complexity and limited adoption.

Uploaded by

syedhasnat903
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Advanced Data
Models: Object-
Relational Data
Model
Overview
 In
this lecture, we will explore advanced
data models, focusing on the Object-
Relational Data Model (ORDBMS). This
model extends the traditional relational
model by incorporating features from
object-oriented programming, enhancing
the way complex data is stored and
managed.
What is Data Model?
A data model defines how data is
structured, stored, and manipulated
in a database system.
Example: Relational model stores
data in tables with rows and
columns.
Why do we need advanced data
model?
 The traditional relational model (RDBMS)
works well for structured data but struggles
with:
 Complex data types (e.g., images, videos,
geospatial data).
 Real-world entities (e.g., a "Student"
having multiple "Courses" and "Projects").
 Limited support for inheritance,
encapsulation, and relationships beyond
foreign keys.
What is the Object-Relational Data
Model (ORDBMS)?
 Definition: The ORDBMS combines features of
both relational databases and object-oriented
programming to handle complex data and
relationships more efficiently.
 Relational Model Features: Tables, rows,
columns, primary keys, foreign keys.
 Object-Oriented Features: Objects, classes,
inheritance, encapsulation, user-defined types.
Key Concepts of ORDBMS
(Simplified with Examples)

a. Objects and Classes:


1. Object: A real-world entity (e.g., a
Student).
2. Class: A blueprint for objects. (e.g.,
Student class with attributes like Name, ID,
Courses).
Key Concepts of ORDBMS
(Simplified with Examples) cont…
 CREATE TYPE Student AS (
StudentID INT,
Name VARCHAR(100),
DateOfBirth DATE
);
Key Concepts of ORDBMS
(Simplified with Examples) cont…
b. User-Defined Types (UDTs):Allow creating
complex data types beyond standard
types like INT, VARCHAR.
 Example: A custom type for an address.
CREATE TYPE Address AS (
Street VARCHAR(100),
City VARCHAR(50),
Zipcode INT);
Key Concepts of ORDBMS
(Simplified with Examples) cont…
c. Inheritance (Extending Types):Similar to sub-
classing in
object-oriented programming.
 Example: A Graduate Student inherits from Student.
CREATE TYPE GraduateStudent
UNDER Student (
ThesisTopic VARCHAR(100)
);
Key Concepts of ORDBMS
(Simplified with Examples) cont…
d. Encapsulation: Data and methods can be bundled
together.
 Example: Defining a method to calculate age.
CREATE FUNCTION
CalculateAge(DateOfBirth DATE)
RETURNS INT AS
$$ SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM
AGE(DateOfBirth)) $$
LANGUAGE SQL;
Key Concepts of ORDBMS
(Simplified with Examples) cont…
e. Complex Data Types (NestedStructures):
ORDBMS can store nested data.
 Example: A student with multiple phone
numbers.
CREATE TABLE Student (
StudentID INT,
Name VARCHAR(100),
Phones TEXT[]
);
Key Concepts of ORDBMS
(Simplified with Examples) cont…
f. Collections (Arrays and Sets):Arrays, lists,
and sets can be stored as attributes.
 Example: A student enrolled in multiple
courses.
CREATE TABLE Student (
StudentID INT,
Name VARCHAR(100),
Courses TEXT[]
);
Object-Relational vs. Relational
Database: Key Differences
Features Relational DB Object-Relational DB
(RDBMS) (ORDBMS)

Data Types Simple types (int, Complex types(UDTs,


varchar) nested types)
Relationships Foreign keys Object and references

Extensibility Limited Highly extensible with


UTDs
performance Optimized for Optimized for complex
structured data data
Examples MySQL, PostgreSQL PostgreSQL(extended
(default mode) mode),Oracle
Benefits of ORDBMS
 Supports Complex Data: Handles
multimedia, geospatial, and hierarchical data.
 CodeReusability: Reuse object definitions
and methods.
 Better Data Integrity: Data is stored more
closely to how it appears in the real world.
Use Cases of ORDBMS
 MultimediaDatabases: Storing videos, audio,
and images.
 GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS): For
maps and geospatial data.
 Scientific
Data Management: Handling
complex experimental data.
 E-commerce: Managing product catalogs with
varied attributes.
Limitations of ORDBMS
 Complexity: More difficult to learn compared
to traditional relational models.
 Performance: Might be slower for simple
datasets due to overhead.
 Limited Adoption: Not all databases fully
support ORDBMS features.
ORDBMS in Real-World Databases

 PostgreSQL: One of the most popular


ORDBMS.
 Oracle Database: Provides advanced object-
relational capabilities.
 IBMDb2: ORDBMS features for complex data
handling.
Summary of Key Takeaways

 ORDBMS blends relational and object-oriented


features for handling complex data.
 Key features include user-defined types,
inheritance, encapsulation, and complex data
structures.
 ORDBMS is useful in domains like multimedia,
GIS, and scientific research.

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