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5muzafar Am Modulation

The document discusses Amplitude Modulation (AM), its applications, and characteristics, highlighting its role in broadcasting and communications. It covers various aspects such as modulation index, bandwidth, power relationships, and advanced techniques like Quadrature AM and Single-Sideband AM. The efficiency of AM is compared with suppressed-carrier and single-sideband methods to illustrate improvements in bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.

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Eiphyu Htaynaing
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7 views17 pages

5muzafar Am Modulation

The document discusses Amplitude Modulation (AM), its applications, and characteristics, highlighting its role in broadcasting and communications. It covers various aspects such as modulation index, bandwidth, power relationships, and advanced techniques like Quadrature AM and Single-Sideband AM. The efficiency of AM is compared with suppressed-carrier and single-sideband methods to illustrate improvements in bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.

Uploaded by

Eiphyu Htaynaing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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communication Electronics

By M Z khan

Amplitude Modulation
 Amplitude Modulation is the simplest and earliest
form of transmitters
 AM applications include broadcasting in medium-
and high-frequency applications, CB radio, and
aircraft communications

Introduction
Basic Amplitude Modulation
 The information
signal varies the
instantaneous
amplitude of the
carrier
AM Characteristics
 AM is a nonlinear process
 Sum and difference frequencies are created
that carry the information
Full-Carrier AM: Time
Domain
 ModulationIndex - The ratio between the
amplitudes between the amplitudes of the
modulating signal and carrier, expressed by
the equation:
Em
m=
Ec
Overmodulation
 When the modulation index is greater than
1, overmodulation is present
Modulation Index for Multiple
Modulating Frequencies
 Two or more sine waves of different,
uncorrelated frequencies modulating a single
carrier is calculated by the equation:

2 2
m  m  m   
1 2
Measureme
nt of
Modulation
Index
Full-Carrier AM: Frequency Domain
 Time domain information
can be obtained using an f usb  f c  f m
oscilloscope
 Frequency domain
information can be
f lsb  f c  f m
calculated using Fourier
methods, but trigonometric mE c
methods are simpler and E lsb E usb 
valid
 Sidebands are calculated
2
using the formulas at the
right
 Signalbandwidth is an important
characteristic of any modulation scheme
 In general, a narrow bandwidth is desirable
 Bandwidth is calculated by:

Bandwidth
B 2 Fm
Power Relationships
 Power in a transmitter is
important, but the most
important power
measurement is that of the  m 2 
portion that transmits the
information
Pt P c
1
 

 AM carriers remain  2 
unchanged with modulation
and therefore are wasteful
 Power in an AM transmitter
is calculated according to
the formula at the right
 Two carriers generated at the same frequency but
90º out of phase with each other allow
transmission of two separate signals
 This approach is known as Quadrature AM (QUAM
or QAM)
 Recovery of the two signals is accomplished by
synchronous detection by two balanced modulators
Quadrature AM and AM Stereo
Quadrature Operation
Suppressed-Carrier AM
 Full-carrierAM is simple but not efficient
 Removing the carrier before power
amplification allows full transmitter power to
be applied to the sidebands
 Removing the carrier from a fully modulated
AM systems results in a double-sideband
suppressed-carrier transmission
Suppressed-Carrier Signal
Single-Sideband AM
 The two sidebands of an AM signal are mirror
images of one another
 As a result, one of the sidebands is redundant
 Using single-sideband suppressed-carrier
transmission results in reduced bandwidth and
therefore twice as many signals may be
transmitted in the same spectrum allotment
 Typically, a 3dB improvement in signal-to-
noise ratio is achieved as a result of SSBSC
DSBSC and SSB
Transmission

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