Enhanced DMA in COA v2
Enhanced DMA in COA v2
COA
A key concept in Computer
Organization and Architecture
Introduction to DMA
• • DMA allows peripherals to directly access
memory, bypassing the CPU.
• • Reduces CPU load, enhancing system
performance.
• • Common in high-speed data systems like
video streaming or disk controllers.
Architecture of DMA
• • CPU, Memory, I/O devices, and DMA
Controller are connected by system buses.
• • DMA Controller coordinates data transfer
between memory and devices.
• • It has registers for address, data size, and
control signals.
How DMA Works
• 1. CPU configures DMA controller with
transfer details.
• 2. DMA controller initiates transfer between
memory and I/O device.
• 3. CPU continues other operations.
• 4. After completion, DMA controller sends an
interrupt to CPU.
Types of DMA Transfer
• • Burst Mode: Transfers a block of data at
once, temporarily halting CPU.
• • Cycle Stealing Mode: DMA pauses CPU
periodically for data transfer.
• • Transparent Mode: DMA works only when
CPU is idle, avoiding interruption.
Advantages and Limitations
• Advantages:
• • Offloads data handling from CPU.
• • Improves system speed and efficiency.
• • Ideal for large, fast data transfers.
• Limitations:
• • Adds complexity to system design.
• • Potential bus contention with CPU.
• • Requires proper synchronization.