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Enhanced DMA in COA v2

Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows peripherals to access memory directly, reducing CPU load and enhancing system performance, particularly in high-speed data systems. The DMA controller coordinates data transfers between memory and I/O devices, with various transfer modes including burst, cycle stealing, and transparent. While DMA improves efficiency and speed, it also adds complexity and requires careful synchronization to avoid bus contention.

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8 views6 pages

Enhanced DMA in COA v2

Direct Memory Access (DMA) allows peripherals to access memory directly, reducing CPU load and enhancing system performance, particularly in high-speed data systems. The DMA controller coordinates data transfers between memory and I/O devices, with various transfer modes including burst, cycle stealing, and transparent. While DMA improves efficiency and speed, it also adds complexity and requires careful synchronization to avoid bus contention.

Uploaded by

yadavabhi1424
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Direct Memory Access (DMA) in

COA
A key concept in Computer
Organization and Architecture
Introduction to DMA
• • DMA allows peripherals to directly access
memory, bypassing the CPU.
• • Reduces CPU load, enhancing system
performance.
• • Common in high-speed data systems like
video streaming or disk controllers.
Architecture of DMA
• • CPU, Memory, I/O devices, and DMA
Controller are connected by system buses.
• • DMA Controller coordinates data transfer
between memory and devices.
• • It has registers for address, data size, and
control signals.
How DMA Works
• 1. CPU configures DMA controller with
transfer details.
• 2. DMA controller initiates transfer between
memory and I/O device.
• 3. CPU continues other operations.
• 4. After completion, DMA controller sends an
interrupt to CPU.
Types of DMA Transfer
• • Burst Mode: Transfers a block of data at
once, temporarily halting CPU.
• • Cycle Stealing Mode: DMA pauses CPU
periodically for data transfer.
• • Transparent Mode: DMA works only when
CPU is idle, avoiding interruption.
Advantages and Limitations
• Advantages:
• • Offloads data handling from CPU.
• • Improves system speed and efficiency.
• • Ideal for large, fast data transfers.

• Limitations:
• • Adds complexity to system design.
• • Potential bus contention with CPU.
• • Requires proper synchronization.

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