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Lecture22 New

The document discusses the concept of templates in C++, highlighting their role in code reuse and the advantages they offer over traditional C methods. It explains how template functions and classes allow for compile-time code generation and specialization for different data types. Additionally, it provides examples of template functions and practice problems to reinforce the learning objectives.

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haleemajamil170
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0 views9 pages

Lecture22 New

The document discusses the concept of templates in C++, highlighting their role in code reuse and the advantages they offer over traditional C methods. It explains how template functions and classes allow for compile-time code generation and specialization for different data types. Additionally, it provides examples of template functions and practice problems to reinforce the learning objectives.

Uploaded by

haleemajamil170
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Templates

Learning Objectives
• Template Functions
• Template Classes
Code Reuse
• Object-orientation provides strong code reuse
approaches
• Inheritance
• Composition
• Aggregation
• Templates is another powerful tool
Scenario
• We’ve implemented several algorithms so far:

12 -45 12 < -45 42 9 4 -7

“Doe
-45 12
”
< “Joe” ✓ -7 4 9 42

Compariso
Swapping Sorting
n

Did we reuse code or did we copy-


paste?
Code Reuse
• In C, we:
• Either salvaged code after copy-paste
• Or passed around void* along with typecasting
• C++ provides templates as another mechanism for
code reuse
• Remember: This is a compile-time mechanism
• Compiler writes code for us, based on the code we write
Template Functions Example
template<typename T> int main() {
void swap(T& a, T& b) { int a = 43, b = 19;
T temp = a; swap<int>(a, b);
swap(a, b);
a = b;
b = temp;
std::string p1 = "John“;
} std::string p2 = "Jane";
swap(p1, p2);
return 0;
}
Summary
• Compiler matches function calls against template functions:
• Substitutes template parameters
• Produces specialized source code and compiles it
• Template parameters can be:
• A type
• None-type: For example, a constant
• Type template parameter can be used as argument type
• Type template parameter can be used as the return type
• Template parameters can have default values
• Specialized templates can be created for specific data types
• Non-specialized template will be used for all other data types
Practice Problems
• A template function that:
• Returns the maximum of three values
• Reverses the elements of an array
• Finds the maximum element in an array
• Takes an array and swaps the elements at two indices passed
as args
• Takes an array, and its size, and checks if the array is sorted
Template Classes
• Template syntax may be applied to classes (or structs)
• This allows us to create many different data types

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