OUTPUT DEVICES

OVERVIEW – USES / FUNCTION – ADVANTAGES – DISADVANTAGES

• Definition: Output Devices are devices that convey
information from the computer to the user in a readable,
audible, or visual format, or control external devices.
• Main Purposes:
• Display Information: Enables the user to view
processed data as text, images, and videos.
• Print Documents: Provides hard copies for physical
review or record-keeping.
• Generate Sound: Converts digital signals into audio,
such as in multimedia systems.
• Control Physical Devices: Sends signals to devices like
motors or valves in automation.
• Examples: Monitors, printers, projectors, speakers, and
actuators.

OVERVIEW OF OUTPUT DEVICES

TYPES OF MONITORS AND PURPOSE

Purpose of Monitors:
To display visual output in real-time, enabling users to
interact with applications and content.
Types Covered in This Section:
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube): Early, bulky monitors that
use electron beams to create images.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): Modern, flat-screen
monitors with better energy efficiency and compact
design.
LED (Light Emitting Diode): Often used for brighter,
clearer outdoor displays and as LCD backlighting.
Transition: CRT monitors are largely obsolete, replaced
by LCD and LED technologies due to lower power
consumption, better image quality, and more compact
form.
Description: CRT monitors use a vacuum tube
containing one or more electron guns and a
phosphorescent screen. The electron gun directs
electron beams at the screen, which glows to create
images.

Structure and Operation: Electron gun produces

electrons that are fired across the screen in a
sweeping motion. Phosphor coating on the screen
glows when hit by electrons, forming images.

Historical Context: CRT monitors were standard in

computing until the late 2000s when LCD monitors
became the norm.

Uses of CRT Monitors

Computer-Aided Design (CAD): CRT monitors,
particularly large ones, are occasionally used in CAD
for precise, scalable designs.
CATHODE RAY TUBE MONITOR
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CRT MONITORS

Advantages of CRT Monitors

◼ Wide Viewing Angles: CRTs have consistent visibility
from multiple angles, allowing a larger group to view the
scree comfortably.
◼ Light Pen Compatibility: CRTs work with light pens,
enabling designers to draw directly on the screen, a
unique feature not well supported by LCD or LED screens.
Disadvantages of CRT Monitors
◼ Heavy and Bulky: CRTs are physically large and weigh
significantly more than LCDs, making them harder to
move or fit in limited spaces.
◼ High Power Consumption: CRTs consume more
electricity and generate more heat compared to LCDs
and LEDs.
◼ Eye Strain: Prolonged use can lead to eye strain, as
CRTs tend to flicker, which is less comfortable over long
periods.
LED (Light Emitting Diode): LEDs are bright and vibrant, making them ideal for
outdoor displays. Each pixel is composed of LEDs (red, green, and blue) that adjust
their brightness to produce color.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): LCDs use liquid crystals that align to modulate light,
requiring a backlight (often LED). LED-lit LCD screens are common, combining LED’s
brightness with LCD’s image quality and efficiency.

Differences:
LED screens: Pure LED screens are used for billboards and large displays.
LCD screens: Common for computing, phones, and portable devices due to thin
design and lower energy use.

Uses of LCD Screens

Computing Devices: Main display technology for desktops, laptops, and mobile
phones.
Touch Screens: Many LCDs are touch-enabled for interactive devices like tablets
and information kiosks.
Portable and Wearable Devices: Used in devices like tablets, smartphones, and
LED AND LCD SCREENS
portable gaming consoles due to lightweight design.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LCD SCREENS
Advantages of LCD Screens
◼ Low Power Consumption: More energy-efficient than
CRTs and LED displays, reducing electricity costs.
◼ Lightweight and Thin: Allows for slimmer, lighter
devices, making them easy to transport.
◼ Sharp Image Resolution: LCDs can achieve high
resolutions and a wide range of colors, providing clear,
detailed images.
Disadvantages of LCD Screens
◼ Limited Viewing Angles: Colors and contrast can
appear inconsistent from different angles.
◼ Motion Blur: Rapid movements can appear blurred due
to slower response times.
◼ Backlight Inconsistencies: Uneven backlighting can
result in less uniform brightness across the screen.
Touch Screens as Output Devices
Dual Functionality: Touch screens act as both input (for selecting options)
and output (for displaying results).

Types:
Resistive: Detects pressure from a finger or stylus; commonly used in
ATMs.
Capacitive: Uses conductive materials to detect touch; common in modern
smartphones.
Surface Acoustic Wave: Uses ultrasonic waves to detect touch; offers
high image clarity.

Examples:
Smartphones, ATMs, ticketing kiosks, and some laptop screens.

Uses of Touch Screens in Everyday Life

Smartphones and Tablets: Enables easy, intuitive interaction with
applications.
Self-Service Kiosks: Used in airports, restaurants, and stores for customer
TOUCH SCREENS
convenience.
Retail and Public Spaces: Common in interactive displays for information
access, payment, and product selection.
Advantages of Touch Screens

•User-Friendly: Intuitive design, allowing users to

operate without complex training.
•Quick Interaction: Faster option selection compared
to traditional input devices.
•Flexible Displays: Touch interfaces allow resizing,
rotating, and shifting displays based on input.

Disadvantages of Touch Screens

•Accuracy Limitations: Not suitable for detailed data

entry or graphic design.
•Prone to Dirt and Smudging: Frequent touching
leads to fingerprints, reducing visibility and potentially
spreading germs.
•Privacy and Security Concerns: Easily observed by
third parties in public spaces, raising privacy issues.
Function:
Projectors display enlarged images from digital sources for larger
audiences.
Input Sources: Receives data from devices such as computers, DVD
players, and Blu-ray players.

Technology Types:
Digital Light Processing (DLP): Uses mirrors to direct light; known for
good color accuracy.
LCD Projectors: Uses liquid crystals; tends to be more affordable and
lightweight.

Uses of Multimedia Projectors

Corporate and Academic Training: Used in presentations and lessons
to make content visible to large groups.
Advertising and Public Displays: Used for promotional videos,
presentations, and event displays.
Home Entertainment: For home theaters, providing a cinema-like
MULTIMEDIA PROJECTORS
experience.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PROJECTORS
Advantages of Multimedia Projectors

•Large Screen Display: Allows presentations to be viewed by large

audiences without crowding.
•Remote Control Capabilities: Allows presenters to control
slideshows from a distance, facilitating interactive presentations.
•Flexibility in Source: Compatible with various media sources,
including laptops, TVs, and DVD players.

Disadvantages of Multimedia Projectors

•Poor Performance in Bright Rooms: Clarity and visibility drop

significantly in well-lit areas.
•Initial Setup Cost: High-quality projectors are an investment and
require accessories like screens.
•Space and Maintenance: Require ample setup space and periodic
maintenance like bulb replacements.
Function: Converts digital documents into physical copies.

Types:
Laser Printers: Uses toner and laser technology; ideal for text-heavy and
high-volume jobs.
Inkjet Printers: Uses liquid ink, suitable for color images and smaller
jobs.
Dot Matrix Printers: Impact printing; creates low-resolution prints for
industrial environments.

Laser Printers
Mechanism: Uses laser and toner to transfer images to paper.
Speed: Faster for high-volume printing.
Quality: Sharp text and consistent grayscale images, but limited for
vibrant colors.

Uses of Laser Printers

Office Documents: Ideal for high-volume, professional documents like
reports and proposals.
PRINTERS
Educational Materials: Suitable for schools and universities needing quick
document printing.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LASER
PRINTERS
Advantages of Laser Printers
•Fast Printing: Handles large batches quickly.
•Cost-Effective for Volume: Lower cost per page
than inkjet.
•Sharp Text Quality: Excellent for documents with
small text.

Disadvantages of Laser Printers

•High Initial Cost: More expensive than inkjets
upfront.
•Limited Color Quality: Basic models less suitable for
vibrant colour prints.
•Health Concerns: Emission of ozone and volatile
organic compounds.
 Inkjet Printers
Mechanism: Sprays tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper; two common types:
thermal bubble and piezoelectric.
Applications: High-quality colour images, especially popular in homes and
small offices.

Uses of Inkjet Printers

•Photo Printing: Ideal for producing vivid, high-quality photos.
•Small Print Jobs: Suitable for single or low-volume printing tasks, like
personal documents.

Advantages of Inkjet Printers

•High-Quality Colour: Offers a wide colour range suitable for images and
photos.
•Compact Size: Smaller footprint, easy to place on desks or in home offices.
•Affordable Initial Cost: Less expensive than many laser printers.

Disadvantages of Inkjet Printers

•Slow Printing for Large Jobs: Limited buffer capacity results in slower
speeds for big jobs.
•Ink Smudging: Ink can smudge if handled immediately after printing.
 Dot Matrix
Mechanism: Printers
Impact printing with a matrix of pins that press against an
ink ribbon.
Typical Use Cases: Forms requiring carbon copies and industrial
environments.

Uses of Dot Matrix Printers

•Industrial and Rough Environments: Durable design suited for
factories and workshops.
•Multicopy Documents: Ideal for printing carbon-copied forms and multi-
part stationery.

Advantages of Dot Matrix Printers

•Durability: Withstands harsh environments that may damage other
printers.
•Low Cost of Operation: Inexpensive ribbons reduce operational costs.
•Continuous Printing: Easily handles long rolls of paper for uninterrupted
print jobs.

Disadvantages of Dot Matrix Printers

•Noisy Operation: High sound levels can be distracting in quieter settings.
•
 3D Printers
Overview: Builds three-dimensional objects layer by layer using CAD
files.

Technology Types:
•Direct 3D Printing: Similar to inkjet, but the print head can
move up and down.
•Binder 3D Printing: Combines powder and adhesive to form
layers.
•UV Hardening: Uses lasers or UV light to solidify liquid polymers.

Uses of 3D Printers
•Prototyping: Quickly produces product models for evaluation and
design testing.
•Medical Field: Customized prosthetics, implants, and parts for
reconstructive surgery.
•Manufacturing: Aerospace, automotive, and fashion industries use
3D printers for lightweight and precise parts.

Advantages of 3D Printers
•Customization: Able to manufacture unique, custom designs.
•Quick Prototyping: Rapid production of prototypes reduces
 Risk of Counterfeit Items
• 3D printers make it possible to create
counterfeit items, making it hard to
trace sources of fake goods.

Potential for Misuse

• When in the wrong hands, 3D printers
could be used to manufacture
dangerous or illegal items.
• The technology allows almost anyone to
create virtually any item.

Job Loss Concerns

• 3D printing could replace some
manufacturing jobs, impacting the
workforce.

DISADVANTAGES OF 3D PRINTERS
A plotter is a type of output device, specifically for
printing graphics.
Works differently from traditional printers: it uses pens,
pencils, or markers to draw continuous lines.

Produces vector graphics rather than bitmap images.

How Plotters Work

Plotters draw continuous lines using pens or markers. Paper
size can range from A4 to several meters, suitable for
large-format drawings.
Often used with CAD and CAM software for detailed and
accurate graphic designs.

Types of Plotters
Pen Plotters: Use pens for drawing on paper.
Electrostatic Plotters: Use electrostatic charges and toner.
Cutting Plotters: Replace the pen with a cutting blade to cut
out materials.
INTRODUCTION TO PLOTTERS
INTRODUCTION TO SPEAKERS

Speakers are output devices designed to produce sound.

Connected to computers to output audio data.
Examples include loudspeakers, headphones, and Bluetooth
speakers.

How Speakers Work

Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC): Converts digital signals
into electric currents.
Amplifier: Increases the electric current to drive the loudspeaker.
Loudspeaker: Converts electric currents into sound waves for
listening.

Digital to Analog Conversion Process

Steps involved:
1. Digital data passes through a DAC.
2. DAC converts digital data to electric current.
3. Current is amplified and sent to the speaker.
 COMPONENTS, USES, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
SPEAKER
Components of a Speaker
Magnet: Permanent magnet interacts with the electromagnet.
Coil and Cone: Coil moves, causing cone to vibrate and produce
sound.
Sound Waves: Vibrations create sound waves that reach listeners.

Uses of Speakers
Common applications: Built into phones and computers. Multimedia
presentations. Assistive technology for visually impaired users.
Playing digital music and sounds.

Advantages of Speakers
• Amplified sound: Essential for presentations and multimedia.
• Enhances presentations: Can create a more engaging atmosphere.
• Assists visually impaired users: Enables screen reading through
sound.
Disadvantages of Speakers
 • Actuators are output devices that convert electrical
signals into physical motion.
• Used in computer-controlled machines and systems
• Examples include solenoids, motors, and relays.

Types of Actuators
• Linear Actuators: Convert electrical energy into
straight-line motion.
• Rotary Actuators: Generate circular motion, often
used in motors.
• Solenoids: Use electromagnetic fields to create
movement .

How Actuators Work

• Current flows through a coil to create an
electromagnetic field.
• Electromagnetic field interacts with a plunger or
metal core.
INTRODUCTION TO ACTUATORS
• Movement produced can control valves, switches, o
motors.
Uses of Actuators
• Industrial uses: Control motors, pumps, and
conveyor belts.
• Remote operations: Allow remote control of
devices (e.g., in hazardous areas).
• Enables automation: Widely used in
manufacturing and robotic systems.

Advantages:
• Remote operation capability.
• Affordable and efficient in automation systems.

Disadvantages:
• Potential failure as an added component.
• Need for digital-to-analog conversion for
computer integration.
USES, ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
ACTUATORS
THANK YOU…