1.

A 60 cycle source with effective voltage of

240 volts, 4500 VA load with a power factor
of 75%. Determine the parallel capacitance
required to improve the power factor to (a)
90% lagging (b) unity power factor (c) in
question (a) determine the new line current
and % reduction in line current.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 E= 220 volts
f=60hZ 3.25 kVA
pf= 0.6 leading

Determine the following (a) total kW (b)Total kVA, (c) total

kVAR, (d) total current and (e) overall power factor
indicating lagging or leading.

2. An induction motor load of 200 kVA has a power factor of 0.8 lagging.
A 500 kVA synchronous motor with a power factor of 0.92 leading is
added. Determine (a) the total power (b) total apparent power (c) kVAR
and (d) the overall power factor.
Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Three Phase System

by

Engr. Renante D. Junto, REE

MTM
Asst. Professor 1 of Electrical Department
Technological University of the Philippines – Taguig
 What is a Balance three phase
system

A balanced three-phase supply connected to a set of balanced

three-phase loads.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 What is a Balance three phase
system
balanced three-phase supply connected to a set of
balanced three-phase loads.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 What is a Balance three phase
supply
Set of three sinusoidal voltages with the same magnitude and frequency with a phase difference of
120°.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 What is a Balance three phase
supply
Set of three sinusoidal voltages with the same magnitude and frequency with a phase difference of
120°.

ACB phase sequence

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 What is a Balance three phase
supply
Set of three sinusoidal voltages with the same magnitude and frequency with a phase difference of
120°.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 What is a phase sequence

A three phase system were the order of sinusoidal voltage reach their maximum values.

Positive Phase
Sequence For Star connection, the line voltages leads
their corresponding phase voltages by 30
degree, or the phase voltages lags their
corresponding line voltages by 30 degree.

Note: For delta connection the phase

currents lags their corresponding line currents by
30 degree

Note: For Star connection the phase currents is

equal to their corresponding line currents. Hence
the phase difference is zero. In delta connection the
phase voltages is equal to their corresponding line
voltages. Hence the phase difference is zero.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 What is a phase sequence
A three phase system were the order of sinusoidal voltage reach their maximum values.

Positive Phase
Sequence

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 What is a phase sequence

A three phase system were the order of sinusoidal voltage reach their maximum values.

Negative Phase Sequence

For Star connection, the line voltages lags their corresponding
phase voltages by 30 degree, or the phase voltages leads their
corresponding line voltages by 30 degree.

Note: the phase currents leads their

corresponding line currents by 30 degree

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 The Three Wattmeter Method

The power delivered to a balanced or an

unbalanced four-wire, Wye-connected load
can be found by the three-wattmeter
method, that is, by using three wattmeter's
in the manner shown in Figure below.

𝑃 𝑇 =𝑊 1+𝑊 2+𝑊 3

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 The Three Wattmeter Method

Each wattmeter measures the power

delivered to each phase. The potential coil
of each wattmeter is connected parallel
with the load, while the current coil is in
series with the load. The total average
power of the system can be found by
summing the three wattmeter readings;
that is,

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 The Two Wattmeter Method

The power delivered to a three-phase, three-wire, Delta- or Wye Y-

connected, balanced or unbalanced load can be found using only two
wattmeter's if the proper connection is employed and if the wattmeter
readings are interpreted properly. The basic connections of this two-
wattmeter method are shown in Figure. One end of each potential coil
is connected to the same line. The current coils are then placed in the
remaining lines.

𝑃 𝑇 =𝑊 1+𝑊 2

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem 1

In the figure shown.

Determine the following

a. Phase and Line currents

b. The reading of the two
wattmeter
c. The total power absorbed
by the load

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Solution to Sample Problem 1

𝐸 𝐴𝐵 𝑉 𝑎𝑏 208 ∠ 0
𝐼 𝑎𝑏= ¿ ¿
𝑍 𝑎𝑏 𝑍 𝑎𝑏 10 𝑜h𝑚𝑠
𝐼 𝑎𝑏=20.8 ∠ 0
𝐸 𝐵𝐶 𝑉 𝑏𝑐 208 ∠ − 120 𝑂
𝑏𝑐 = ¿ ¿
𝑍 𝑏𝑐 𝑍 𝑏𝑐 15+ 𝑗 20 𝑜h𝑚𝑠
𝐸 𝐶𝐴 𝑉 𝑐𝑎 208 ∠ 120 𝑂
208 𝐼 𝑐𝑎= ¿ ¿
𝑍 𝑐𝑎 𝑍 𝑐𝑎 12− 𝑗 12 𝑜h𝑚𝑠

165
𝐼 𝑎𝑏= ∠ −173.13
25

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Solution to Sample Problem 1
𝐼 𝐴= 𝐼 𝑎𝑏 − 𝐼 𝑐𝑎 IA
- 208 ∠−120 𝑂
𝐼 𝐴=¿ 12− 𝑗 12 𝑜h𝑚𝑠
𝐼 𝐴=32.79∠ −5.55 𝑂 𝑎𝑚𝑝 IB

= 𝐼 𝑏𝑐 − 𝐼 𝑎𝑏 IC
𝐵
= − 20.8 ∠0 𝐼 𝐶 = 𝐼 𝑐 𝑎 − 𝐼 𝑏𝑐
208
𝐼 𝐵 =29.077 ∠− 178.038 𝑂 𝑎𝑚𝑝 = − ∠ − 173.13
25
𝐼 𝐶 =5.5 ∠130.65 𝑂 𝑎𝑚𝑝
Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Solution to Sample Problem 1

The reading of the two wattmeter

𝐸 𝐴𝐵
𝑃 1=𝐸 𝐴𝐵 𝐼 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∡ 𝐼𝐴
0
¿ 208 𝑥 32.79 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∡ − 5.55

𝑃 1=6788.35 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 𝐸 𝐴𝐵
𝑃 1=𝐸 𝐴𝐵 𝐼 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∡ 𝐼𝐴
60
¿ 208 𝑥 5.55 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∡ 130.65

𝑃 1=379.1 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem 2

EE Board Problem April 1984

A balance three phase load draws 75 Amp line current @ 230

volts line to line and 0.848 lagging power factor. If two
wattmeter method is used. Determine the reading of the two
wattmeter's

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Solution to Sample Problem 2

The reading of the two wattmeter

𝑃 1=𝐸 𝐿 𝐼 𝐿 cos ⁡(30 𝑂 − 𝜃)

𝑃 1=230 𝑥 75 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 30 𝑂 −32 𝑂 )
𝑃 1=17.24 𝑘𝑊

𝑃 2= 𝐸 𝐿 𝐼 𝐿 cos ⁡(30 𝑂+𝜃)

𝑃 2=230 𝑥 75 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 30 𝑂+ 32 𝑂 )
𝑃 2= 8.1 𝑘𝑊
Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem3

In the balanced Y-Y connection shown in Figure 12.6, let the magnitude
of the line voltages be VL = 880 V (RMS), the load impedance per phase
be ZY = 50 + j25 Ω, and the phase angle of Van be 0O. Find the (a) phase
voltages, (b) the line currents, and line voltages, (c) find the complex
power, apparent power, average power, reactive power, and power factor
of the load.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem4

In the balanced Y-Y connection shown in Figure below, let Van = 990∠0O V
(rms), and the load impedance per phase be ZY = 60 + j35 Ω. Find the
complex power, apparent power, average power, reactive power of the
load.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem 5
In the balanced Y-Y connection shown in the Figure, let the magnitude of
the phase voltages be VP = 510 V (rms), the load impedance per phase be
ZY = 70 + j55 Ω, the wire impedance per phase be ZW = 9 + j7 Ω, and the
phase angle of Van be 0O. Find the (a) phase voltages, the line currents, and
line voltages, (b) the complex power, apparent power, average power,
reactive power, and power factor of the load, (c) the complex power of
the wire, the total complex power, (d) and efficiency.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem 6
In the balanced Y-Y connection shown in the figure, let the
magnitude of the phase voltages be VP =750 V (rms), the load
impedance per phase be ZY = 60 + j45 Ω, the wire impedance
per phase be ZW = 20 + j25 Ω, and the phase angle of Van be
0o. Find the complex power of the load and the wire.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Wye-delta

In the balanced Y-D connection shown in Figure below, let the magnitude of
the line voltages be VL = 1500 V (rms), the load impedance per phase be ZD =
75 + j33 Ω, and the phase angle of Van be 0O. Find the phase voltages, line
voltages, phase currents, and line currents. Also, find the complex power,
apparent power, average power, reactive power, and power factor of the
load.

SL=82.4 kVA
PL=75.4 kW
pf= 91.4 %

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem 7
In the balanced Y-D connection shown in Figure below, let the magnitude of the phase
voltages be VP= 550 V (rms), the load impedance per phase be ZD = 75 + j54 Ω, the wire
impedance per phase be ZW = 5 + j3 V, and the phase angle of Van be 0O. Find the phase
voltages, line currents, and line voltages. Find the complex power, apparent power,
average power, reactive power, and power factor of the load. Find the complex power of
the wire, the total complex power, and the efficiency. Also, find IAB, IBC, and ICA.

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem 8

In the balanced Y-D connection shown in Figure below, let the magnitude of the phase
voltages be VP = 750 V (rms), the load impedance per phase be ZD = 72 + j57 Ω, the wire
impedance per phase be ZW = 9 + j6 Ω, and the phase angle of Van be 0O. Find the
complex power of the load.

SL = 23,628.9382 + j18,706.2427 = 30,137.1902∠38.36758 VA

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Sample Problem 10
In the balanced D-D connection shown in Figure below, let the magnitude of the
phase voltages be VP = 650 V (RMS), the load impedance per phase be Z D = 63 + j36
Ω, the wire impedance per phase be ZW = 5 + j4 Ω, and the phase angle of Vab be 0O.
Find (a) the line currents, and line voltages at the load. (b) the complex power,
apparent power, average power, reactive power, and power factor of the load, (c)
the complex power of the wire, the total complex power, and (d) the efficiency.

SL=10,964.4975 VA
ή = 80.7692%

Technological University of the

Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig
 Technological University of the
Engr. Renante D. Junto 3 Phase System
Phillippines Taguig