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Random Sampling

The document provides an overview of random sampling, defining key concepts such as population, sample, parameter, and statistics. It details various random sampling techniques including simple, systematic, stratified, cluster, and multi-stage sampling, as well as non-probability methods like convenience, snowball, quota, and volunteer sampling. Additionally, it explains the process of constructing a sampling distribution of sample means and provides examples for clarity.

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Ken Cabidig
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Random Sampling

The document provides an overview of random sampling, defining key concepts such as population, sample, parameter, and statistics. It details various random sampling techniques including simple, systematic, stratified, cluster, and multi-stage sampling, as well as non-probability methods like convenience, snowball, quota, and volunteer sampling. Additionally, it explains the process of constructing a sampling distribution of sample means and provides examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

Ken Cabidig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANDOM

SAMPLING
illustrate random sampling (M11/12SP-IIId-2)
POPULATION

 It refers to the whole group under study


or investigation
 It does not always refer to people. It may
mean a group containing elements of
anything you want to study, such as
objects, events, organizations, countries,
species, organisms, etc.
SAMPLE

 It is a subset taken from a population,


either by random sampling or by non-
random sampling.
 It is a representation of the population
where it is hoped that valid conclusions
will be drawn from the population
ILLUSTRATION
RANDOM SAMPLING

 It is a selection of n elements
derived from the N population, which is
the subject of an investigation or
experiment, where each point of the
sample has an equal chance of being
selected using the appropriate sampling
technique.
RANDOM SAMPLING

1. Probability Sampling
 The sampling technique that
involve random selection.
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Simple Random Sampling


 A sampling technique in which each member
of the population has an equal chance of
being selected
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Systematic Random Sampling


 A sampling technique in which members of
the population are listed and samples are
selected at intervals called sample intervals.
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Stratified Random Sampling


 A sampling procedure in which members of the
population are grouped on the basis of their
homogeneity.
 The sample is constructed by classifying the population
into subpopulations or strata on the basis of certain
characteristics of the population, such as age, gender or
socio-economic status
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Cluster Sampling
 It is sometimes referred to as area sampling
and applied on a geographical basis.
 Generally, first sampling is performed at
higher levels before going down to lower
levels.
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Multi-stage Random Sampling


 It uses a combination of different sampling
techniques.
RANDOM SAMPLING

2. Non-Probability Sampling
 The sampling technique that do not
involve random selection of data.
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Convenience Sampling
 The researcher gathers data from nearby
sources of information exerting minimal effort.
 It is used by persons giving questionnaires on
the streets to ask the passers-by.
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Snowball Sampling
 Referred as chain-referral sampling.
 The samples have traits that are rare to find.
 It is a sampling technique in which existing
subjects provide referrals to recruit samples
required for a research study.
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Quota Sampling
 Sample units are picked for convenience but
certain quotas are given to interviewers.
 The design is specially used in market
research.
TYPES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Volunteer Sampling
 Sample units are volunteers in studies
wherein the measuring process is painful or
troublesome to a respondent.
Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

1. The teacher writes all the names of


students in a piece of paper and puts
it in a box for the graded recitation.

Simple Random Sampling


Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

2. The teacher gets the class record


and call every 4th name in the list.

Systematic Random Sampling


Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

3. Every five files out of 500 files will


be chosen

Systematic Random Sampling


Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

4. There are 20 toddlers, 40 teenagers, 45


middle aged and 55 senior citizens in a
certain area. Samples are taken according
to the total number of people in the area.

Stratified Sampling
Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

5. All the names of the employees of


the company are put in a raffle box.

Simple Random Sampling


Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

6. Supervisors are selected using


random numbers in order to
determine the annual salaries.

Simple Random Sampling


Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

7. Every 12th customer entering a mall


is asked to select his or her favorite
store.

Systematic Random Sampling


Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

8. A head nurse selects 10 patients


from each floor of a hospital.

Cluster Sampling
Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

9. In a university, all teachers from three


buildings are interviewed to determine
whether they believe the students have
higher grades now than previous years.
Cluster Sampling
Identify which sampling method
is applied in the following
situations.

10. A brand manager of a toothpaste


asks ten dentists that have a clinic
closest to his office whether they use a
particular brand of toothpaste
Convenience Sampling
PARAMETER VS
STATISTICS
POPULATION

 It refers to the whole group under


study or investigation
SAMPLE

 It is a subset taken from a


population, either by random
sampling or by non-random
sampling.
PARAMETER

Known as Population Data


Numbers that summarize data for an
entire population.
STATISTICS

Known as Sample Data


Numbers that summarize data from a
sample.
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The total number of


students in a school.

Population
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

A group of 30 patients in a
hospital undergoing
treatment for tuberculosis.
Sample
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The ages of all vendors in a


public market.

Population
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The list of all countries in


the world.

Population
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The top 50 top-earning


Filipinos.

Sample
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The average weight of all


males in the Philippines.

Parameter
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The average height of 100


cats in Tacloban.

Statistics
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The average test scores of


20 students in a class of 48.

Statistics
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

The average daily allowance


of all students in a class.

Parameter
Identify whether the following refer to
population, sample, parameter or
statistics.

Based on a sample of 900 elementary


students, it was found out that 30% of
them could not do long division.

Statistics
SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION OF
SAMPLE MEAN
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF
SAMPLE MEAN

 A frequency distribution using the


means computed from all possible
random samples of a specific size taken
from a population size.
 The means of the samples are < or >
the mean of the population.
Steps in Constructing the
Sampling Distribution of the
Means
 Determine the number of sets of all possible random
samples that can be drawn from the given population by
using the formula , where N is the population size and r
is the sample size.
 List all the possible samples and compute the mean of
each mean.
 Construct the sampling distribution
 Construct a histogram of the sampling distribution of the
means
Example:

A population consists of the numbers 2,


4, 9, 10, and 5. Let us list all possible
sample size of 3 from this population
and compute the mean of each sample.
Example:

Construct a sampling distribution of


sample mean for the set of grades
below.
86 88 90 95 98
Consider a sample size of 3 that can be
drawn from the population.
Example:

Construct a sampling distribution of


sample mean for the set of scores
below.
30, 34, 36, 39
Consider a sample size of 2 that can be
drawn from the population.
Example:

Construct a sampling distribution of


sample mean for the set of data below.
12, 24, 31, 5
Consider a sample size of 3 that can be
drawn from the population.

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