Introduction to CNC

machines
 Contents
• What is computer

• Introduction to CNC

• Operations in CNC

• Advantages and Disadvantages of CNC

• Axis selection

• 5 Axis CNC

• Advantages and application of 5 axis

• Types of machine configurations for 5-axis machining

• Specification of a 5 axis CNC machine

2
Computer
A computer is a machine or device that
performs processes, calculations and
operations based on instructions provided
by a software or hardware program. It is
designed to execute applications and
provides a variety of solutions by
combining integrated hardware and
software components.
Compute components
NC
Numerical control (NC) refer to control of a
machine or a process using symbolic codes
consisting of characters and numerals.
The concept of NC was proposed in the late
1940s by John Parsons.
The word CNC came into existence in 70ees
when microprocessors and microcomputers
replaced integrated circuit IC based
controls used for NC machines.
 Introduction to CNC
 Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine
tools that are operated by precisely programmed
commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed
to controlled manually.

 Most NC today is computer numerical control (CNC), in

which computers play an integral part of the control.

 In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design

is highly automated using computer-aided design (CAD)
and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programs.
 CNC machining is an subtractive process unlike additive
manufacturing is additive process.

6
Advantages:
 High Repeatability and Precision e.g. Aircraft parts.
 Volume of production is very high.
 Complex contours/surfaces can be easily machined.
 Flexibility in job change, automatic tool settings, less
scrap.
 More safe, higher productivity, better quality.
 Less paper work, faster prototype production, reduction
in lead times.

Disadvantages:
 Costly setup, skilled operators.
 Computer programming knowledge required.
 Maintenance is difficult.
 Advantages of CNC
CNC machines can be used continuously
Batch production with high accuracy
can be updated by improving the software
Training in the use of CNCs is available
through the use of ‘virtual software’.
Intricate detail machining
no need to make a prototype or a model
One person can supervise many CNC
machines simultaneously
saves time

10
 Disadvantages
more expensive than manually operated
machines

The CNC machine operator only needs

basic training and skills, enough to
supervise several machines. In years gone
by, engineers needed years of training to
operate centre lathes, milling machines and
other manually operated machines. This
means many of the old skills are been lost.

11
Investment in CNC machines can lead to
 Open Loop Systems
Open loop systems have no access to the real time data about the performance of the
system and therefore no immediate corrective action can be taken in case of system
disturbance.

Block Diagram of an Open Loop System.

Open loop system
 Close Loop Systems
In a close loop system, feed back devices closely monitor the output and any
disturbance will be corrected in the first instance. Therefore high system accuracy is
achievable.

Block Diagram of a Close Loop System

Close loop system
 Elements of a CNC Machine

 Part program (CAD, CAM software)

 Machine control unit (MCU)
 Machine tool ( lath, milling machine , drill press etc)
 Elements of a CNC System

 Input Device
 Machine Control Unit
 Machine Tool
 Driving System
 Feedback Devices
 Display Unit
 Input Devices

 Floppy Disk Drive

 USB Flash Drive
 Ethernet communication
 Conversational Programming
 Computer
 Central Processing Unit/ Machine Control Unit

 The CPU is the heart of a CNC system.

 It accepts the information stored in the memory as part program.

 This data is decoded and transformed into specific position control and velocity signals.

 It also oversees the movement of the control axis or spindle and whenever this does not
match with the programmed values, a corrective action as taken.
 Machine Tool
 Most are made from high speed steel (HSS), tungsten carbide or ceramics.

 Tools are designed to direct waste away from the material.

 Some tools need coolant such as oil to protect the tool and work.
 Driving System
 The requirement is that the driving system has to response accurately according to the
programmed instructions.
 The motor is coupled either directly or through a gear box to the machine lead screw
to moves the machine slide or the spindle.
 Motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy

Three types of electrical motors are commonly used:

1. DC Servo motor
2. AC Servo motor
3. Stepping motor as explained ahead.
 1. DC Servo Motor

 The principle of operation is based on the rotation of an armature winding in a

permanently energized magnetic field.

 The armature winding is connected to a commutator, which is a cylinder of insulated

copper segments mounted on the shaft.

 DC current is passed to the commutator through carbon brushes, which are connected
to the machine terminals.
 D1. DC Servo Motor Continues

 The change of the motor speed is by varying the armature voltage and the control of
motor torque is achieved by controlling the motor's armature current.

 In order to achieve the necessary dynamic behavior it is operated in a closed loop

system equipped with sensors to obtain the velocity and position feedback signals.
 2. AC Servo Motor

 In an AC servomotor, the rotor is a permanent magnet while the stator is equipped

with 3-phase windings.

 The speed and position of the motor is notified by the encoder, which can be
incremental or absolute.
 3. Stepping Motor

 The stepper motor is known by its property to convert a train of input pulses (typically
square wave pulses) into a precisely defined increment in the shaft position.
 Each pulse moves the shaft through a fixed angle.
 Multiple "toothed" electromagnets arranged around a central gear-shaped piece of iron.
 The electromagnets are energized by an external driver circuit or a micro controller. In that
way, the motor can be turned by a precise angle.
 What does Stepper means?
 To make the motor shaft turn, first, one electromagnet is given power, which
magnetically attracts the gear's teeth.
 When the gear's teeth are aligned to the first electromagnet, they are slightly offset
from the next electromagnet.
 This means that when the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is turned off,
the gear rotates slightly to align with the next one.
 From there the process is repeated. Each of those rotations is called a "step", with
an integer number of steps making a full rotation.
 However, stepping motors are not commonly used in machine tools due to the
following drawbacks:
 slow speed,
 low torque,
 low resolution
 easy to slip in case of overload.
Open Loop Positioning Systems
Stepper Motor calculations

 It uses a stepper motor to rotate the lead screw. A stepper motor is

driven by series of electrical pulses generated by MCU.
 For each pulse the motor rotates a fraction of revolution called Step Angle,
it is given by

Where, ns = Number of step angles for the motor (an integer).

 If np is the pulses received by the motor then angle through which motor
rotates is
 Ball Lead Screws
 Ball lead screw is the heart of the drive system.
 Advantages of ball lead screw are:
 Precise position and repeatability
 High Speed capability
 Less Wear
 Longer life
Feedback devices encoders
An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer,
software program, algorithm that converts
information from one format or code to
another, for the purposes of
standardization
 Feedback Devices
Two types of feed back devices normally used are:
1. Positional Feed Back Devices
2. Velocity Feedback Devices
1.1 Linear Transducers - a device mounted on the machine table to measure the actual
displacement of the slide in such a way that backlash of screws; motors etc would not
cause any error in the feed back data.
1.2 Rotary Encoders: a device to measure the angular displacement. It cannot
measure linear displacement directly so that error may occur due to the backlash of
screw and motor etc.
 2. Velocity Feedback Device

 The actual speed of the motor can be measured in terms of voltage generated from a
tachometer mounted at the end of the motor shaft.

 The voltage generated by the DC tachometer is compared with the command voltage
corresponding to the desired speed.

 The difference of the voltages is used to actuate the motor to eliminate the error.
 Display Unit

 Interface between the machine and the operator.

The Display Unit displays:

 position of the machine slide
 spindle RPM
 feed rate
 part programs
 graphics simulation of the tool path.
 Interpolation Methods

1.Linear interpolation
Straight line between two points in space
2. Circular interpolation
Circular arc defined by starting point, end point, centre or radius, and direction.

3. Helical interpolation
Circular plus linear motion
4. Parabolic and cubic interpolation
Free form curves using higher order equations
 Circular Interpolation

Approximation of a curved path in NC by a series of straight line segments,

where tolerance is defined on only the outside of the nominal curve.
 Circular Interpolation

Approximation of a curved path in NC by a series of straight line segments,

where tolerance is defined on both the inside a n d outside of the nominal
curve.
 Circular Interpolation

Approximation of a curved path in NC by a series of straight line

segments, where tolerance is defined on only the inside of the nominal
curve.
 Axes of CNC Machine Tool

39
 From 3-axis to 5-axis machining

• dozens of views need to be defined

• more tool movements
• not sufficient for the • programming is quite difficult
complete • sum of all views does not cover the
finishing process for very whole geometry
deep part and having• overlapping views lead to surface
narrow cavities quality problems
• results in a bad surface • More number of lead-in and out
quality and long movements
machining times in Case
40of harder material
 Five Axis CNC

41
 ADVANTAGES OF 5 AXIS
CNC
 to machine complex shapes in a single setup
 reduces the machinist setup time and increases
production rates
 By eliminating multiple set-ups, time and errors are
reduced
 the feature-to-features accuracy is improved because
the same zero or datum reference frame is used
throughout the manufacturing process
 higher spindle/cutting tool speeds may be achieved
while reducing the load on the cutting tool
 Shorter and thicker cutters also reduce vibration when
machining deep pockets or contoured features with
three-axis machines.

42
 Application
complex three dimensional profiles
for impellers, turbine blades, and plastic
mold tools

43
 CNC programming
Important things to know: Programming consists of a series
of instructions in form of letter codes
 Coordinate System
•Preparatory Codes:
G codes- Initial machining setup and
 Units, incremental or
establishing operating conditions
absolute positioning N codes- specify program line number
to executed by the MCU
 Coordinates: X,Y,Z,
RX,RY,RZ •Axis Codes: X,Y,Z
Used to specify motion of the slide along
 Feed rate and spindle X, Y, Z direction
speed
•Feed and Speed Codes: F and S
 Coolant Control: On/Off, Specify feed and spindle speed
Flood, Mist
•Tool codes: T – specify tool number
 Tool Control: Tool and tool
•Miscellaneous codes – M codes
parameters
For coolant control and other activities
 CNC programming
 Programming consists of a series of instructions in form of
letter codes

 Preparatory Codes:
 G codes- Initial machining setup and establishing operating
conditions

 N codes- specify program line number to executed by the

MCU

 Axis Codes: X,Y,Z - Used to specify motion of the slide along

X, Y, Z direction

 Feed and Speed Codes: F and S- Specify feed and spindle

speed
 Common Format of a
Block

Sequenc Preparator Dimensio Feed Spindle Tool Misc.

e # y Function n Words Rate Functio Functio Function
n n

N50 G90 G01 X1.40Y2.25 F10 S1500 T01 M03

Individual
Words
Programming Key Letters
 O - Program number (Used for program identification)
 N - Sequence number (Used for line identification)
 G - Preparatory function
 X - X axis designation
 Y - Y axis designation
 Z - Z axis designation
 R - Radius designation
 F – Feed rate designation
 S - Spindle speed designation
 H - Tool length offset designation
 D - Tool radius offset designation
 T - Tool Designation
 M - Miscellaneous function
 Table of Important G codes
G00 Rapid Transverse
G01 Linear Interpolation
G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
G17 XY Plane,G18 XZ Plane,G19 YZ Plane
G20/G70 Inch units
G21/G71 Metric Units
G40 Cutter compensation cancel
G41 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G44 Tool length compensation (minus)
G49 Tool length compensation cancel
G80 Cancel canned cycles
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Counter boring cycle
G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
G90 Absolute positioning
G91 Incremental positioning
 Table of Important M codes
 M00 Program stop
 M01 Optional program stop
 M02 Program end
 M03 Spindle on clockwise
 M04 Spindle on counterclockwise
 M05 Spindle stop
 M06 Tool change
 M08 Coolant on
 M09 Coolant off
 M10 Clamps on
 M11 Clamps off
 M30 Program stop, reset to start
Programming Key Letters
 O - Program number (Used for program identification)
 N - Sequence number (Used for line identification)
 G - Preparatory function
 X - X axis designation
 Y - Y axis designation
 Z - Z axis designation
 R - Radius designation
 F – Feed rate designation
 S - Spindle speed designation
 H - Tool length offset designation
 D - Tool radius offset designation
 T - Tool Designation
 M - Miscellaneous function
 Table of Important G codes
G00 Rapid Transverse
G01 Linear Interpolation
G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
G17 XY Plane,G18 XZ Plane,G19 YZ Plane
G20/G70 Inch units
G21/G71 Metric Units
G40 Cutter compensation cancel
G41 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G44 Tool length compensation (minus)
G49 Tool length compensation cancel
G80 Cancel canned cycles
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Counter boring cycle
G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
G90 Absolute positioning
G91 Incremental positioning
Explanation of commonly used G codes

• G00 – Preparatory code to control final position of the tool

and not concerned with the path that is followed in arriving at
the final destination.

• G01 – Tool is required to move in a straight line connecting

current position and final position. Used for tool movement
without any machining- point to point control. (linear
interpolation)

• G02 – Tool path followed is along an arc specified by I, J and

K codes.( circular interpolation)
Table of Important M codes
 M00 Program stop
 M01 Optional program stop
 M02 Program end
 M03 Spindle on clockwise
 M04 Spindle on counterclockwise
 M05 Spindle stop
 M06 Tool change
 M08 Coolant on
 M09 Coolant off
 M10 Clamps on
 M11 Clamps off
 M30 Program stop, reset to start
 Program Command Parameters

Optimum machine programming requires consideration of

certain machine operating parameters including:
• Positioning control
• Compensations
• Special machine features

Positioning control is the ability to program tool and machine

slide movement simultaneously along two or more axes.
Positioning may be for point-to-point movement or for
contouring movement along a continuous path. Contouring
requires tool movement along multiple axes simultaneously.
This movement is referred to as “Interpolation” which is the
process of calculating intermediate values between specific
points along a programmed path and outputting those values as
a precise motion. Interpolation may be linear having just a start
and end point along a straight line, or circular which requires an
Rules for programming

Block Format

N135 G01 X1.0 Y1.0 Z0.125 F5

Sample Block
• Restrictions on CNC blocks
• Each may contain only one tool move
• Each may contain any number of non-tool move G-
codes
• Each may contain only one feed rate
• Each may contain only one specified tool or spindle
speed
• The block numbers should be sequential
• Both the program start flag and the program number
must be
independent of all other commands (on separate lines)
 APT Programming Example
Cylindrical Part

F 25
Raw Material

70

F 22.5
F 17.5
Finished Part

20
30
APT Programming Example (Cylindrical Part)
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0303
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X22.50 Z2.0 S500
N0080 G01 Z-30.0 F100
N0090 G00 X23.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200
D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0
N0130 M30
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
Program identification number
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
To cancel any previous working zero point
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0303
N0010 Sequence number
T0303 Select tool number 303
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.0 Z0.0 S500 M04
G57 To set the working zero point as saved
G00 Rapid movement (no cutting)
X26.0 X location (as a diameter; 13 form zero)
Z0.0 Z location
S500 Spindle speed is 500 rpm
M04 Rotate spindle counterclockwise
x
+ve

(0,0) +ve z
 APT Program Interpretation

O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
G01 Linear interpolation (cutting)
X-0.20 Move only in x direction until you pass
the center by 0.1 mm (facing)
F100 Set feed rate to 100 mm/min.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
G00 Move rapidly away from work piece (no cutting)
Z2.0 the movement is 2 mm away from the face.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
Go to a safe location away from the
workpiece [x = 50 (25 from zero), z = 50] to
change the tool.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
T0404 Select tool number 404
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X22.50 Z2.0 S500
G57 PS0
G00 Rapid movement (no cutting)
X22.50 X location (as a diameter; 11.25 form zero)
Z2.0 Z location
S500 Spindle speed is 500 rpm
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 Z-30.0 F100
G01 Linear interpolation (cutting)
Z-30 Move only in z direction (external turning)
F100 Set feed rate to 100 mm/min.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X23.0 Z2.0 S500
G00 Move rapidly away from work piece (no cutting) to
location x= 23.0 (11.50 from zero) and z = 2.0.
O0013 APT Program Interpretation
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
G84 Turning cycle for machining the step
X17.5 final diameter
Z-20 length of step is 20 mm
D0=200 Finish allowance in X direction (0.2 mm) D2=200 Finish
allowance in Z direction (0.2 mm)
D3=650 Depth of cut in each pass (0.65 mm)
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
G00 Move rapidly away from workpiece (no cutting)
Z2.0 the movement is 2 mm away from the face.
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0
X50.0 Z50.0 Move to the tool changing location
 APT Program Interpretation
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0 T00
N0130 M30
M30 Program End
 Programming Example

Raw Material Finished Part

y
Programming Example

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
x
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05
N012 M02
y

Programming Example
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
x N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Setting the datum to the lower left corner of the work piece
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1

Program Identification Number

 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1

N001 Sequence Number

M06 Tool Change (End Mill with
Diameter=12mm
T1 Tool Number
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400

Start rotating the spindle clockwise with 400

rpm
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150

Go to Safe Position with feed 150mm/min

 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150

Lower the end mill to determine the depth of

cut
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Move from the lower left corner

of the work piece to the right
lower one cutting with
feed=75mm/min
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Move from the lower left corner of the

work piece to the right lower one
cutting with feed=75mm/min
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Cutting the horizontally up to

X=30
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Cutting to X=0 & Y=40

 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75

Complete the countering

 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5

Repeat 7 times blocks from N003 to N009

with incremental offset of Z=-0.5
 Program Interpretation

G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05

Spindle Off
 Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05
N012 M02

End Program
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change

Changing the tool

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Setting the datum to the lower left corner of the work piece
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2

Program Identification Number

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2

N001 Sequence Number

M06 Tool Change (Drill with
Diameter=6mm
T2 Tool Number
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400

Start rotating the spindle clockwise with 400

rpm
 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150

Go to Safe Position with feed 150mm/min

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150

Stop above the center of the first hole

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75

Start Drill the first hole

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150

Retract to a position above the hole

 Program Interpretation

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150

Stop above the center of the second hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed
150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75

Drill the second hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150

Retract to a position above the second hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150

Stop above the center of the third hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75

Drill the third hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150

Retract to a position above the third hole

 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
Spindle off
 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
End Program
 Program Interpretation
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
End Program
Thank You

For more detail contact us