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lecture 2

The document provides an overview of engineering design, defining engineering as a creative process that applies scientific principles to solve practical problems. It outlines the steps in the engineering design process, including problem definition, brainstorming, research, and evaluation of solutions, emphasizing the importance of clear objectives. Additionally, it highlights the impact of engineering design on product costs and the necessity of teamwork in design projects.

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Woojod Alzamil
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16 views

lecture 2

The document provides an overview of engineering design, defining engineering as a creative process that applies scientific principles to solve practical problems. It outlines the steps in the engineering design process, including problem definition, brainstorming, research, and evaluation of solutions, emphasizing the importance of clear objectives. Additionally, it highlights the impact of engineering design on product costs and the necessity of teamwork in design projects.

Uploaded by

Woojod Alzamil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

ENGINEERING DESIGN
College of Engineering
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman
University

1
LECTURE 2
AN OVERVIEW OF
ENGINEERING DESIGN

2
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?

• The word engine comes from the Latin ingenerare,


meaning “to create.”
• About 2000 years ago, the Latin word ingenium (the
product of genius) was used to describe the design
of a new machine.
• Soon after, the word ingen was used to describe all
machines. In English, ingen was spelled “engine,”
and people who designed creative things were
known as “engine-ers.”

3
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?

• The word engineer refers to someone who is a


creative , ingenious person who finds solutions
practical problems.
• Today the word engineer refers to people who use
creative design and analysis processes that
incorporate energy, materials, motion, and
information to serve human needs in innovative
ways.
• Engineers are creative people who use
mathematics, scientific principles, material
properties, and computer methods to design new
4
products and to solve human problems
WHAT IS ENGINEERING?

• The Accreditation Board for Engineering and


Technology (ABET) defines engineering :
“The profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gained by study,
experience, and practice is applied with judgment to
develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials
and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”
• Engineering is a profession like medicine, law, etc.
that aspires to high standards of conduct and
recognizes its responsibility to the general public.

5
WHO IS AFFECTED BY ENGINEERING?


Everyone is affected by engineering
1. The Producers
2. Suppliers of raw materials
3. People who buy the product
4. The Government
5. Society in General

6
WHAT IS DESIGN?
• Design is the formulation of an enquiry or a plan or a
scheme in order to arrive at the required end-product
• Good design is Solution to a problem, obtained at an
economic cost and comprising the minimum number of
parts
• There are three different type of design works :
1. Adaptation of existing designs which required minor
modification, often in dimension of the product
2. Developments design, which use existing design as a
basis
3. Creative design, design a new product that has no
precedent 7
THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN ANALYSIS
DESIGN, AND REPRODUCTION

• Analysis is the examination for evaluation of the relevant


information to select the course of action from among
various alternative
• Design is process that involves application of technology
for the transformation of the resources to create a product
that will satisfy a need in society
• Reproduction is something made by reproducing: copy,
close imitation, duplication, etc.

8
WHAT IS ENGINEERING DESIGN?
• Engineering design is the process of devising
a system, component or process to meet
desired needs.
• In this process, basic sciences and
engineering are applied to optimally convert
resources to meet a stated objective.

• Among the fundamental blocks of


this process are: objectives, criteria,
synthesis, analysis, construction,
testing, and evaluation.
• In addition to these blocks It is
essential to consider realistic
constraints such as economic factors,
safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics
and social factors.
9
An ABET Requirement
(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology)

• Every Engineering Department* must include a major engineering


design experience that builds upon the fundamental concepts of:
mathematics, basic sciences, humanities, social sciences, engineering
topics, and communication skills
• The scope of the design experience
within a program should match the
requirements of practice within that
discipline
• All design work should not be
done in isolation by individual
students; team efforts are
encouraged where appropriate
10
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING DESIGN
• 70% of a product’s total cost (design,
manufacturing and installation) is
determined by its design
• Studies have shown that 50 to 80% of
the life cycle costs* of products
(maintenance, energy, etc.) are
influenced by engineering design
• Costs Include:
• Material costs
• Facilities
• Tooling
• Labor
• Other support costs
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Example
On a piece of paper, draw a conceptual sketch of what
happens when you push on the pedal of a bicycle.
Before you begin here are some questions you should
think about:
1. What are the key components that connect the pedal to the
wheel?
2. Which ones are connected to each other?
3. How does doing something to one of the components affect
the others?
4. What do those connections and changes have to do with
accomplishing the task of accelerating the bicycle?

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Solution

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THE DESIGN PROCESS STEPS

1. Define the Problem


2. Brainstorm for creative
ideas
3. Search and research
4. Develop Ideas
5. Analyze alternative
solutions and choose the
best one
6. Model or prototype
7. Test and Evaluate
8. Improve if needed
9. Communicate results
14
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• This is the single most important step in the design process
• Only when you can specify the problem can you hope to achieve your
goal
• Loss of efforts and efficiency occurs when trying to solve unclear
problems
• If this step is done incorrectly or incompletely it results in a failure of
the design
• It is important to define the true problem one is solving, not just the
symptoms of the problem or the perceived problem

Objectives
• Objectives are a function of needs
• Objectives should be SMART
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time-bounded 15
Step 1: Problem Statement
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
“THE CURRENT BOX IS EASILY DAMAGED DURING
TRANSPORTATION”

OBJECTIVE
“DESIGN A STRONGER BOX FOR OUR NEW PRODUCT”
ANOTHER OBJECTIVE
“DESIGN AN IMPROVED BOX*”

Importance of Accurate Objective and Statement **

Problem Design Installation Customer


Definition Need
16
Step 2: Brainstorming

• Think “outside the box”


• Generate creative ideas
• Explore other members’ ideas
• Avoid criticism/judgment
(do not criticize during brainstorming!
Criticism will be applied at a later
stage)

17
Step 3: Search and Research

• Search: for finding a product or checking the


price of an item

• Research*: finding the answers to more


complicated questions or looking at multiple
aspects of an issue

• Possible resources: Publications, Internet,


Market, Patent listings, Sales catalogs,
Experts

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ep 4: List and Evaluate Alternative Solutions

One possible
solution!!
• Be critical
• Edison: ”It is easy to obtain 100 patents if you
also have 5000 unsuccessful inventions*”
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Step 5: Choose the Best Solution
Weight Rate for Rate for Rate for
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
1. Cost
2. Production
difficulty
3. Size,
weight,
strength
4. Appearance

5.
Convenience
6. Safety
7. Legal issues

8. Reliability/
durability
9. Customer
appeal 20
TOTAL points 100 points=rate*wei
tep 6: Construction, Analysis and Testing

An Iterative process

Step 7: Final Evaluation

Develop the best design

21
Step 8: Communication
Communicate and report on all the
final details of the design through:
• Engineering Notebook
(logbook)
• Written reports
• Technical presentation
• Training material, catalogue,
manuals*

22
Thank you

23

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