Web based Application development with PHP

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Chapter 1
Expressions & Control statements in PHP

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Contents

History & Advantages of PHP, Syntax of PHP

Variables, Data types, Expressions, operators, constants

Decision making control statements- if, if-else, nested-if, switch, break,

continue statement

Loop control statements- while, do-while, for and foreach

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PHP

• PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-processor

• It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994
• PHP is a Powerful ,Server side scripting language.
• It is used to develop Static websites or Dynamic websites or Web applications.
• PHP scripts can only be interpreted on a server that has PHP installed
• PHP is a general-purpose scripting language especially suited to web development.

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History of PHP
• PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 and was publicly released in June
1995.
• The PHP code is well organized and can be easily embedded into HTML code.
• It works on all major operating systems like Linux, Windows, Unix and Mac OS,
and it supports main web and enterprise servers like Apache, Netscape, Microsoft
IIS, etc. Moreover, it is easier to troubleshoot problems in PHP when compared to
other languages.
• For a web developer, designing a complex, yet attractive website in a short span
of time is a big challenge. This is where PHP frameworks prove to be useful.

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• PHP 3 – Hits the Big Time
• PHP 4 – Optimization, Scalability and More
• PHP 5 – Object Orientation, Error Handling, and XML
• PHP 7 – Makes Powering the web a whole lot better

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Uses of PHP

• It is used for create dynamic website.

• To Interacting with web server (Apache etc.)
• To interacting with any back-end / database server e.g. MySQL
• To interaction with the native file system of the OS
• To implement the business logical layers (one or more)
• It can Encrypt Data
• Access Cookies variable and set cookies
• Using php you can restrict user to access specific web page
• PHP usually used to output HTML code to the browser

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• Used for connecting web application with Database

• It is used to send and receive E-Mails.

• You can use PHP to find today's date, and then build a calendar for the month.
• If you host banner advertisements on your website, you can use PHP to rotate them
randomly.

• Using php you can count your visitors on your website.

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• You can use PHP to create a special area of your website for members.
• Using php you can create login page for your user.

• Using php you can add, delete, modify elements within your database thru PHP.
Access cookies variables and set cookies. Using PHP, you can restrict users to
access some pages of your website.

• PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open,
read, write, and close them.
• It can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file.

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Advantages of PHP

• Most important advantage of PHP is that it’s open source and freed from cost. It are
often downloaded anywhere and readily available to use for event of web
applications.
• It is platform independent. PHP based applications can run on any OS like UNIX, Linux
and windows, etc.
• Application can easily be loaded which are based on PHP and connected to database.
it’s mainly used due to its faster rate of loading over slow internet and speed than
another programing language.
• It has less learning curve, because it is straightforward and straightforward to use. If a
private knows C programming can easily work on PHP.
• It is more stable from a few years with assistance of providing continuous support to
various versions.

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• It helps in reusing an equivalent code and no got to write lengthy code and
sophisticated structure for event of web applications.
• It helps in managing code easily.
• It has powerful library support to use various function modules for data
representation.
• PHP’s built-in database connection modules help in connecting database easily
reduce trouble and time for development of web applications and content based
sites.
• Popularity of PHP gave rise to various community of developers, a fraction of which
may be potential candidates for hire.
• Flexibility makes PHP ready to effectively combine with many other programming
languages in order that the software package could use foremost effective technology
for every particular feature.

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Disadvantages

• It is not that secure due to its open-source, because the ASCII text file are often easily
available.
• It is not suitable for giant content-based web applications.
• It has a weak type, which can cause incorrect data and knowledge to user.
• PHP frameworks got to learn to use PHP built-in functionalities to avoid writing
additional code.
• Using more features of PHP framework and tools cause poor performance of online
applications.
• PHP don’t allow change or modification in core behavior of online applications.

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• The PHP frameworks aren’t an equivalent in behavior so does their performance and
features.
• While PHP may be a powerful tool supported by an outsized community and plentiful
reference documentation, there are easier programming languages for web apps.
• It is widely believed by the developers that PHP features a poor quality of handling
errors. PHP lacks debugging tools, which are needed to look for errors and warnings.
PHP has less number of debugging tools in comparison to other programming
languages.
• It’s highly tough to manage because, it’s not competent modular. It already imitates
the features of Java language.

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Syntax of PHP
• A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
• A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>

<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>

• The default file extension for PHP files is ".php"

• A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code.

• Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file,

with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function "echo" to output the text "Hello World!"

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<html>
<body>

<?php echo "Hello World!";

?>

</body>
</html>

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• PHP statements end with a semicolon ( ; )

• There are 2 basic statements to output text with PHP :

echo & print

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Embedding PHP within HTML

<html>
<head>
<title>Simple PHP file</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>
<?php echo "Hello World!";
?>
</h1>

</body>
</html>

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PHP echo & print

There are 2 ways to get output

 echo
 print

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Compare echo & print

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print_r() in PHP

• It is used to print human readable information about a variable

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Variables in PHP

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Rules for declaring variables

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Break & continue statement

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Thank You

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