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Computer Network

The document provides an overview of computer networks, including the definitions of communication, data communications, and the fundamental characteristics of data transmission. It discusses various components of networks, types of networks (LAN, WAN, MAN), network topologies (star, bus, ring), and key protocols used for data transmission. Additionally, it covers network services, security measures, and management practices essential for maintaining network performance.

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km5197994
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2 views

Computer Network

The document provides an overview of computer networks, including the definitions of communication, data communications, and the fundamental characteristics of data transmission. It discusses various components of networks, types of networks (LAN, WAN, MAN), network topologies (star, bus, ring), and key protocols used for data transmission. Additionally, it covers network services, security measures, and management practices essential for maintaining network performance.

Uploaded by

km5197994
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORK

CSS
COMMUNICATION

When we communicate, we are sharing


information. This sharing can be local or remote,
local communication usually occurs face to face,
while remote communication takes place over
distance. The term “telecommunication” which
includes telephony, telegraphy, and television,
means communication at a distance (tele is
Greek for “far”)
DATA COMMUNICATIONS

 Is the exchange of data between two


communicating device connected by
communication links inform of transmission
medium/media such as wire cable or wireless.

 The word Data refers to the information to be


presented in whatever form is agreed upon by
the parties creating and using the data.
FUNDAMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS
 Delivery – The system must deliver data to the correct
destination. Data must be received by the intended
device or user.
 Accuracy – the system must deliver the data
accurately. Data that have been altered in transmission
and left uncorrected are unusable.
 Timeliness – the system must deliver data in a timely
manner. In case of video and audio, timely delivery
means delivering data as they are produced, in the same
order that they produced. This kind of delivery is called
real-time transmission.
COMPONENTS

 Message – is the information (data) to be


communicated. It can consist of text, numbers, pictures,
sounds or video – or any combination of these.
 Sender – is the device that sends the data message.
 Receiver – is the device that receives the data
message
 Transmission Media – is the physical path by which a
message can travel from one device to another, it could
be guided or unguided.
 Protocol – is a set of rules that govern data
TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Guided Media

Are those that provide a conduit from one


device to another include twisted pair cable,
coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable. A signal
traveling along any of these media is directed
and contained by the physical limits of the
medium. Twisted-pair and coaxial cable use
metallic (copper) conductors that accept and
transport signal in form of electric current.
Optical fiber is a glass cable that accepts and
transport signals in form of light.
TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Unguided Media
Transport electromagnetic waves without
using physical conductor. This type of
communication is often referred to as
wireless communication. Signals are
normally broadcast through air and thus are
available to anyone who has a device
capable of receiving them. Unguided signals
can travel from the source to destination in
several ways. There is a ground propagation,
sky propagation, and line-of sight
propagation.
ELEMENTS OF PROTOCOLS

 Syntax – refers to the structure or format of the


data, meaning the order in which they are presented.
 Semantics – refers to the meaning of each
sections of bits. How is a particular pattern to be
interpreted, and what action is to be taken based on
that interpretation.
 Timing – refers to two characteristics: when data
should be sent and how fast they can be sent
DIRECTION OF DATA FLOW

Simplex – the communication is unidirectional,


as on a one-way street. Only one of two devices
on a link can transmit; the other can only receive.
Half Duplex – each station can both transmit
and receive, but not at the same time. When one
device is sending, the other can only receive.
Full Duplex – both station can transmit and
receive simultaneously.
WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK

A computer network is a
collection of interconnected
devices that can
communicate and share
resources. The goal is to
allow devices to exchange
data and access shared
resources efficiently
KEY COMPONENTS OF A
NETWORK
 Devices: Includes computers, servers, printers, and
other hardware.
 Network Interfaces: Such as network cards or Wi-
Fi adapters, which connect devices to the network.
 Switches and Routers: Switches connect multiple
devices within the same network, while routers
direct traffic between different networks.
 Cabling and Connectors: Physical components
like Ethernet cables or fiber optics that link devices.
TYPES OF NETWORKS

LAN (Local Area


Network): Covers a
small geographic
area, like a home or
office. It connects
devices within close
proximity.
TYPES OF NETWORKS

WAN (Wide Area


Network): Spans
larger geographic
areas, connecting
multiple LANs. The
internet is the
largest WAN.
TYPES OF NETWORKS

MAN (Metropolitan
Area Network):
Covers a city or
large campus,
connecting multiple
LANs within that
region.
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Star Topology: All


devices are connected
to a central hub or
switch. It’s easy to
manage and expand but
relies on the central
device.
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Bus Topology: All


devices share a single
communication line. It’s
simple but can be less
reliable as the bus is a
single point of failure.
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Ring Topology: Devices


are connected in a circular
fashion, with each device
connected to two others.
Data travels in one
direction around the ring.
NETWORK PROTOCOLS:

Protocols are rules that dictate how data is transmitted over


the network. Common ones include:
 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol): The foundational protocol suite for the internet,
handling data transmission and routing.
 HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure):
Used for transferring web pages and secure communication.
 FTP (File Transfer Protocol): For transferring files
between devices.
NETWORK SERVICES

 File Sharing: Allows users to access and share


files over the network.

 Email: Network-based communication using


protocols like SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol).

 Web Hosting: Serving web pages over the


internet, typically using HTTP/HTTPS.
SECURITY MEASURES

Firewalls: Monitor and control incoming and


outgoing network traffic.

Encryption: Protects data by converting it into a


secure format.

Antivirus Software: Scans for and removes


malicious software.
NETWORK MANAGEMENT:

Performance Monitoring: Checking network


speed, reliability, and troubleshooting issues.

Configuration Management: Setting up and


maintaining network hardware and software.
ACTIVITY

Activity: Create a written proposal for


designing a network. Use the star
topology network.

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