Lesson 5.

Parameter, Statistic, and

Sampling Plan
Jeremiah 29:11
For I know the plans I have
for you, declares the Lord,
plans for peace and not for
evil, to give you a future
and a hope.
 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learners should be

able to do the following:
● Distinguish between parameter and statistic.
● Identify the different random sampling
methods.
● Solve real-life problems involving random
sampling.
Imagine
conducting a
quantitative
research and using
a whole population
to be studied
instead of a
sample.
What difficulties
could you possibly
encounter as a
researcher?
In this lesson, you
will learn why
using a sample is
more efficient and
in fact, more
dependable in
terms of data
accuracy than
using a whole
population.
 Learn about It!

Population
group where members have something in common, that
is, the total set of observations that can be made.

Examples:
• the population of senior citizens in Metro Manila
• the population of students in the senior high school
program
 Learn about It!

Sample
a smaller group or subset of the population in question

Examples:
• a sample of 500 senior citizens from Metro Manila
• a sample of 1000 grade 11 students from Metro Manila
 Learn about It!

Parameter
describes an entire population

Example:
45% of the senior citizens in Metro Manila are male.
 Learn about It!

Statistic
describes only the sample

Example:
Twenty-five out of the 100 randomly chosen grade 11
students belong to STEM strand.
 Learn about It!
Simple Random Sampling

The simplest way of getting random sample where each

member of the population has an equal chance of being
chosen as the sample.

Example:
To choose the sample, arrange the elements of the population
in order, and then use a computer or a scientific calculator to
generate as many random numbers as required. The sample
will be composed of those elements which correspond to the
random numbers.
 Learn about It!

Stratified Random Sampling

This involves selecting a simple random sample from

each of a given number of subpopulations. Each
subpopulation is called a stratum (plural: strata).

Example:
If a study is taking senior citizens into consideration, the
population may need to be subdivided into subgroups like 60-
69 years old, 70-79 years old, etc. The sample will be chosen
from each subgroups.
 Learn about It!

Cluster Sampling

The population is first divided into separate groups called

clusters. Then, a simple random sample of clusters from
the available clusters in the population is selected.

Example:
If the population is composed of all the senior citizens from
Metro Manila, the clusters could be senior citizens from the
different municipalities and cities in Metro Manila.
Data is then gathered from selected clusters, like five cities.
 Learn about It!

1-in-𝒌 Systematic Random Sampling

This involves the random selection of one of the first 𝑘

systematic selection of every 𝑘th element thereafter.

elements in an ordered population, and then the

The value of 𝑘 is first calculated by dividing the

population size by the sample size.
 Learn about It!

1-in-𝒌 Systematic Random Sampling

Example:
Suppose there are 500 grade 5 students and you need to
select 50 students as your sample.
Dividing the population size 500 by the sample size 50,
we get 10. That means, every 10th student will be
included in the sample.
 Learn about It!

Multistage Sampling

Two or more probability techniques are combined. It can

be described as sampling within the sample.

Example:
If the population is compose of all the senior citizens from
Metro Manila, we can use clustered sampling where the
clusters are the municipalities and cities in Metro manila.
Then from the selected clusters, we can use stratified
sampling and divide into different age groups.
 Try
Let’s
it!Practice

Example 1: Suppose the quality manager wants to

know the average life of the battery they manufacture.
He asked his employees to obtain 100 random sample
of batteries and test how long the batteries will last.
From the sample, it was found out that the average life
of the battery is 1100 hours. Identify the parameter and
statistic.
 Solution to Let’s Practice

Example 1: Suppose the quality manager wants to know the average life of the
battery they manufacture. He asked his employees to obtain 100 random sample of
batteries and test how long the batteries will last. From the sample, it was found out
that the average life of the battery is 1100 hours. Identify the parameter and
statistic.
Solution:
In the study, 100 batteries are chosen as sample, and it
was found out that the average life is 1100 hours.

The statistic describes the sample. Therefore, 1100

hours is the statistic in the study.
 Solution to Let’s Practice

Example 1: Suppose the quality manager wants to know the average life of the
battery they manufacture. He asked his employees to obtain 100 random sample of
batteries and test how long the batteries will last. From the sample, it was found out
that the average life of the battery is 1100 hours. Identify the parameter and
statistic.
Solution:
The parameter is the average life of the battery
they manufacture.
 Try
Let’s
it!Practice

Example 2: The Marketing Department of a certain

university is doing a satisfaction survey. To do this, the
staff takes an alphabetized list of student names and
picks a random starting point. Then every 15th student
is given a survey form. Determine whether the survey
employs simple random sampling, stratified random
sampling, cluster sampling, or 1-in- systematic random
sampling.
 Solution to Let’s Practice

Example 2: The Marketing Department of a certain university is doing a satisfaction

survey. To do this, the staff takes an alphabetized list of student names and picks a
random starting point. Then every 15th student is given a survey form. Determine
whether the survey employs simple random sampling, stratified random sampling,
cluster sampling, or 1-in- systematic random sampling.

Solution:
Since this survey chooses every th element as member
of the sample, it employs a 1-in- systematic random
sampling.
 Try It!

Individual Practice:
1. Ms. Cruz wants to know the average weekly allowance
of the grade 10 students. She randomly asked 50
students how much their weekly allowance is. She
found out that the average weekly allowance of these
50 students is . Identify the parameter and statistic.

2. The school canteen is doing a survey on the food

preferences of the students. They printed 100 survey
forms and they randomly select 10 students from
each grade level from grade 1 to grade 10. What type
of random sampling is used?
 Key Points

● Population
a group where members have something in common, that is, the total set of
observations that can be made

● Sample
a smaller group or subset of the population in question

● Parameter
describes an entire population

● Statistic
describes only the sample
 Key Points

● Simple Random Sampling

The simplest way of getting random sample where each member of the
population has an equal chance of being chosen as the sample.

● Stratified Random Sampling

This involves selecting a simple random sample from each of a given number of
subpopulations. Each subpopulation is called a stratum (plural: strata).

● Cluster Sampling
The population is first divided into separate groups called clusters. Then, a
simple random sample of clusters from the available clusters in the population is
selected.
 Key Points

● 1-in- Systematic Random Sampling

This involves the random selection of one of the first elements in an ordered
population, and then the systematic selection of every th element thereafter.
The value of is first calculated by dividing the population size by the sample
size.

● Multistage Sampling
Two or more probability techniques are combined. It can be described as
sampling within the sample.
 Bibliography

Bhandari, Pritha. “Parameter vs Statistic | Definitions, Differences & Examples.” Scribbr,

December 23, 2020. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/parameter-vs-statistic/.

Frost, Jim. “Populations, Parameters, and Samples in Inferential Statistics.” Statistics By Jim,
November 28, 2021.
https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/populations-parameters-samples-inferential-statistics/.

“Populations, Samples, Parameters, and Statistics.” CliffsNotes. Accessed January 13, 2022.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/statistics/sampling/populations-samples-paramete
rs-and-statistics
.
 Try It!
A. Determine whether the underlined numerical value is a
parameter or a statistic.
1. The average salary of all rank-and-file employees of a certain
company is ₱15 500.
2. In a recent study, the average height of 100 of the total 550
students is 150 cm.
3. The average grade in Math of ten students of a certain school is
98.
4. The average life span in the Philippines is 75 years old.
5. Sixty out of 100 contestants got an average score of 80.
6. The lowest price of onion in a certain market is ₱45 per kilo.
7. The average daily allowance of the selected 10 students of a class
is ₱75.
8. A recent survey of the Guidance and Counseling office indicated
that the average travel time of 100 of its 1 000 students is 45
minutes.
 Try It!
B. Identify the sampling method used in the following.

1. The name of each student is written on a piece of paper and placed in a box.
The teacher picks 10 papers from the box randomly.

2. Every 20th student who enters the campus is inspected by the guard on
duty.

3. To estimate the mean score of the class, the teacher divided the scores into
the top 33%, lowest 33% and the scores in between. She then selected four
scores from each group and calculated the average.

4. To get 20 students who will represent the grade 10 students for the
upcoming school program, the assigned teacher generates random names
using a computer.

5. All the toys from 10 of the 50 boxes of toys were inspected for any defect.
 Try It!
C. Identify the population, sample, parameter, and statistic in the
given situation.

1. The school clinic wants to estimate the average weight of Grade 1

students in their school. Since it would be time consuming to weigh
all the Grade 1 students, the school clinic randomly selected 50
Grade 1 students and it was found out that the average weight of the
selected students is 20 kg.

population:
sample:
parameter:
statistic: