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FUELS Introduction

The document provides an overview of fuels, including their definitions, classifications, and characteristics. It differentiates between solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels based on properties like calorific value and ignition temperature. Additionally, it discusses the calorific value types and details various types of coal, including their calorific values and uses.

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Nandini Ganjewar
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1 views13 pages

FUELS Introduction

The document provides an overview of fuels, including their definitions, classifications, and characteristics. It differentiates between solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels based on properties like calorific value and ignition temperature. Additionally, it discusses the calorific value types and details various types of coal, including their calorific values and uses.

Uploaded by

Nandini Ganjewar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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G.

S Mandal’s
MARATHWADA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , AURANGABAD
BASIC SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT
FY. B.TECH
Subject: Engineering Chemistry

Presented by
Prof. Archana Gumte
Assistant Professor

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 1


FUELS: INTRODUCTION

• Fuel is a combustible substance containing carbon as a main


constituent which on proper burning gives large amount of
heat which can be used for domestic as well as industrial processes.
• During the combustion of fuel, fuel undergo oxidation in presence
of air.
• It produces the products with less energy content.
• The difference in energy results in liberation of heat energy.
• The various fuels used economically are wood, coal, kerosene,
petrol, diesel, coal gas, producer gas, LPG etc .

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 2


CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 3


DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SOLID LIQUID
AND GASEOUS FUELS
Sr. Property Solid Fuels Liquid Fuels Gaseous Fuels
No.

1 Calorific Value Low Higher than solid Highest than


fuels, less than solid and liquid
gaseous fuel fuels.

2 Ignition temperature High Low Lowest


3 Non combustible matter High Nil nil
content

4 Moisture content High Nil Nil


5 Efficiency Poor Good best
6 Air required for combustion Large and Less air Slight air
excess of air

7 Use in I.C. Engine Cannot be used Already in use Can be used

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 4


CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD FUEL
• High calorific value.
• Moderate ignition temperature.
• Velocity of combustion should be controllable.
• Product of combustion should be harmless, pollution free.
• No non combustible matter content .
• No moisture content.
• No volatile matter content.
• A good fuel should require low storage space.
• A good fuel should be cheap and easily available.
• A good fuel should be easily transported i.e Solid and liquid fuels
are easily transported but gaseous fuels are difficult to transport.

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 5


CALORIFIC VALUE ( C.V)

• “The total quantity of heat liberated when unit mass or


volume of a fuel burnt completely , is the calorific
value of that fuel.”
• The units of calorific value are Kcal/kg or Cal/gm.
• The calorific value of solid fuel is also expressed in terms of
British .Thermal. Unit ( B.TH.U) and Centigrade . Heat.Unit
( C.H.U)
• 1Kcal = 3.968 B.Th.U = 2.2 C.H.U.
• The calorific value is of two types –
1 ) High or Gross calorific value (H.C.V. or G.C.V.)
2 ) Low or Net calorific value (L.C.V. or N.C.V.)
PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 6
TYPES OF CALORIFIC VALUE
• High or Gross calorific value (HCV or GCV) :
– High calorific value is defined as , “ the total amount of
heat produced when unit mass or unit volume of fuel
has been burnt completely and the products of
combustion have been cooled at room temperature.”

• Low or Net calorific value (LCV or NCV) :


– Low calorific value is defined as , “ the net heat
produced when unit mass or unit volume of fuel burnt
completely and the products of combustion are allowed
to escape.”
PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 7
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HCV AND LCV

• NCV or LCV = GCV or HCV- latent heat of water formed

NCV or LCV = GCV or HCV- (mass of hydrogen × 9 ×


latent heat of steam )
LATENT HEAT OF STEAM = 587 Cal/gm

• ( one part of mass of hydrogen produces 9 parts by


mass of water.)

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 8


SOLID FUEL : COAL
• Coal is highly carbonaceous matter that has been formed as
a result of alteration of vegetable matter under certain
favorable conditions.
• It is chiefly composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and
Oxygen along with inorganic non combustible matter.
• There are hundreds of varieties of coal depending upon
their origin and chemical composition.
• The major types of coal are Wood, Peat, Lignite,
Bituminous coal, Anthracite.

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 9


• The conversion of wood into different forms
of coal is known as progressive
transformation. The progressive
transformation of wood to anthracite results in-
• Decrease in moisture and volatile matter
content.
• % of N,H, O,S and ash.
• Increase in calorific value, % of Carbon

PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 10


Sr. Type of coal Calorific COLOUR OBTAINED from Uses
No. value
Kcal/kg
1. Wood 3500 - Light Forest It is used as
Lowest 4500 Brown domestic fuel .
Rank Coal
2 Peat 5400 Dark Deposit in Power
brown Nilgiri Hills generation
and domestic
purpose
3 Lignite or 6000- Brown Deposit in In
Brown 7100 Assam ,Kashmir manufactur
Coal e of
producer
gas, thermal
power
PROF ARCHANA GUMTE plants. 11
Sr. Type of coal Calorific COLOUR OBTAINED from Uses
No. value
Kcal/kg
4 Bituminous 7000- Dark grey It is located at For making
coal 8500 Bihar,Bengal metallurgical
and Orrisa coke, coal gas,
as boiler fuel,
as domestic
fuel.

5 Anthracite 8700 Black In India it is Used as fuel in


located in metallurgical
Highest process,
Rank Coal Eastern boilers,
Himalayas
PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 12
PROF ARCHANA GUMTE 13

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