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Introduction

The document provides an introduction to process control in chemical plants, emphasizing the importance of maintaining smooth operations and rapid recovery from disturbances. It outlines key requirements such as safety, production specifications, and environmental regulations that necessitate continuous monitoring and control. Various control strategies, including regulatory and servo control, as well as terminology related to control systems, are discussed to illustrate the principles of managing controlled and manipulated variables.

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6 views18 pages

Introduction

The document provides an introduction to process control in chemical plants, emphasizing the importance of maintaining smooth operations and rapid recovery from disturbances. It outlines key requirements such as safety, production specifications, and environmental regulations that necessitate continuous monitoring and control. Various control strategies, including regulatory and servo control, as well as terminology related to control systems, are discussed to illustrate the principles of managing controlled and manipulated variables.

Uploaded by

anushazargar5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

to
Process Control
PREPARED BY:
JANKI TAILOR
Why Process Control?

 To ensure smooth and stable process behavior transitions

 To ensure rapid recovery from disturbances affecting the process


Introduction

 A chemical plant is an arrangement of processing units integrated with one


another in a systematic manner.
 The plant’s overall objective is to convert certain raw materials into desired
products using available sources of energy, in most economical way.
Introduction
During operation, a chemical plant must satisfy several requirements, such as
1. Safety
2. Production specification
3. Environmental regulations
4. Operational constraints
5. Economics
All these requirements listed above dictate the need for continuous monitoring of the operation
of a chemical plant and control to ensure satisfactory operation.
Process control is everywhere

 Controlled variables: speed


 Disturbances: variation in
traffic/hills or smooth road
 Manipulated variable:
accelerator
Regulatory Control

Servo Control
SISO Single Input Single Output

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output


Flow from a tank example

Fi

Output
Input Tank
h
F0
Fi = inlet flow rate
F0 = outlet flow rate
A = area of cross section of Fi = input
tank F0 = output
h = liquid level in tank h = state
Dynamic response of a liquid level
system
Control system terminology
Control system are used to maintain control variables at their desired values by manipulating
certain process variables, called manipulated variables.

Controlled variable – variable that need to be maintained at desired values


Set point – the desired value of the controlled variable
Manipulated variable – input variable that can be manipulated
Disturbance variable – input or exogenous variables over which no control can be there
Error signal – Difference between the controlled variable value and set point
Open loop Closed loop
control control
Feedback control strategy for
liquid level system
Feed forward control
Laplace Transform
It helps to convert ODE to algebraic equation.

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