Content

Introduction
Features
Pin Configuration
Architecture 0f 8085
The 8085 Bus Structure
Instruction Set
Addressing Modes
Timing diagrams
Introduction

Microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit

(CPU) etched on a single chip. A single
Integrated Circuit (IC) has all the functional
components of a CPU namely Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit and registers.
The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit
processor that includes on its chip most of
the logic circuitry for performing computing
tasks and for communicating with
peripherals.
Features
8 bit microprocessor(8085 microprocessor can read
or write or perform arithmetic and logical operations
on 8-bit data at time)
It has 8 data lines and 16 address lines hence
capacity is 216 = 64 kB of memory
Cock frequency is 3 MHz
It requires +5V power supply.
It is a single chip NMOS device implemented with
6200 transistors.
It provides 74 instructions with five addressing
modes.
It provides 5 hardware interrupt and 8 software
interrupts.
Pin Configuration
40 pins classified into
6 groups:
1. Data bus
2. Address bus
3. Control & status lines
4. Externally generated
5. Serial interface
6. Power supply & clock
Pin Configuration cont…
1) Address Bus (A15-A8 and AD7-AD0):
The microprocessor 8085 has 16 bit
address lines from A15-A8 and AD7-AD0.
These lines are used to transfer 16 bit
address of memory as well as 8-bit address
of I/O ports.
2) Data Bus:
The lower 8 lines (AD7-AD0) are often
called as multiplexed data lines.
CONTROL LINES
RD : Read: This is active low signal which indicates
that the selected I/O or memory device is to be read
and also is available on the data bus.
WR : Write: This is active low signal which indicates
that the data on data bus are to be written into a
selected memory location.
IO/ M : (Input / Output / Memory): This is used to
select either Input / Output devices or memory
operation. When it is high it indicates an I/O operation
and when it is low, it indicates a memory operation.
STATUS LINES
Status Pins (S1, S0): The microprocessor 8085 has two
status pins as S1, S0 which is used to indicate the
status of microprocessor or operation which is
performed by microprocessor.
SPECIAL SIGNAL
ALE (Address Latch Enable): The ALE signal
is used to enable or disable the external
latch IC (74373/8212).
 The external latch IC is used for the de-
multiplexing of AD7-AD0 lines, i.e., it is
used to separate the address and data from
AD7-AD0 lines.
 If ALE = 1/0 then external latch IC is
enabled / disabled respectively.
Architecture 0f 8085
8. Interrupt Control
1. ALU
9.Serial I/O Control
2. Timing and Control Unit
10.Address Bus
3. General Purpose
11. Data Bus
Registers
4. Program Status word
5. Program Counter
6. Stack Pointer
7. Instruction Register and
Decoder
PROGRAMMING MODEL OF 8085
REGISTERS
The Registers are of 8-bit & 16-bit size used for different
purposes
A- Accumulator – This is an special
purpose register. All the ALU operations are
performed with reference to the contents of
Accumulator.

B,C,D,E,H,L – General purpose registers.

These registers can also used for 16-bit
operations in pairs. The default
pairs are BC, DE & HL.
F – Flag register – This register indicates
the status of the ALU operation.

PC – Program Counter – This is a 16-bit

register used to address the memory
location from where an instruction is going
to be executed.
SP – Stack pointer - This is a 16-bit register
used to address the top of the stack memory
location.
Temporary register, W & Z – These registers
are only used by 8085 and are not available for
the programmer.
ALU – Arithmetic & Logic Unit
ALU of 8085 performs 8-bit arithmetic & logical
operations. The operations are generally performed
with Accumulator as one of the operands. The result
is saved in accumulator register.
Timing & Control Unit
This unit works as the brain of the CPU and
generates all the timing and control signals to
perform all the internal & external operations of the
CPU.
Instruction Decoder & Machine Cycle Encoder Unit
This unit decodes the op-code stored in the
Instruction Register (IR) and encodes it for the timing
& control unit to perform the execution of the
instruction.
The 8085 Bus Structure
The 8-bit 8085 CPU (or MPU – Micro Processing Unit) communicates with the other
units using a 16-bit address bus, an 8-bit data bus and a control bus .
Over all structure

Chip Selection
A15- A10 Circuit

8085
CS
A15-A8

ALE
A9- A0 1K Byte
AD7-AD0 Latch Memory
A7- A0 Chip

WR RD IO/M D7- D0
RD WR
 MPU Communication and Bus Timing

Figure 3: Moving data form memory to MPU using instruction MOV C, A

(code machine 4FH = 0100 1111)
 Instruction Set
 Broadly classified into two types:
 Based on word size:
 One word- Opcode only (CMA, ADD B)
 Two word- Opcode ,an operand (MVI A,32H)
 Three word- Opcode, operand, operand (LDA 4200, STA
4500)
 Based on function:
 Data transfer group (MOV A,B; MVI A,32H;MOV C,4500)
 Arithmetic operations (ADD B, SBI 32H,INC D, DEC B)
 Logical operations (ANA B, ORI 05H, RLC, RAR)
 Branching operations (JUMP, JMP, JNZ, JC, CALL,
RETURN)
 Machine control instructions (HLT, NOP,EI,DI,SIM,RIM)
Addressing Modes
Immediate (MOV A,B ;ADD B; SUB
E;ANA C)

Register (MVI A,05H;LXI B, 20AEH; ADI

05H;ORI 07H)

Direct (LDA 4500H;STA 7500H;IN 09H;OUT

70H)

Indirect (MOV A, M;MOV M,A;ADD M;ORA M)

Implied(implicit) (HLT; NOP;RST;RET)

Timing diagrams
The 8085 microprocessor has 7 basic machine cycle.
They are
1. Op-code Fetch cycle(4T or 6T).
2. Memory read cycle (3T)
3. Memory write cycle(3T)
4. I/O read cycle(3T)
5. I/O write cycle(3T)
6. Interrupt Acknowledge cycle(6T or 12T)
7. Bus idle cycle
Thanks