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How Computer Work With Me and You

The document explains the difference between data and information, highlighting that data is raw and unorganized while information is processed and useful. It covers essential computer hardware components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and storage devices, detailing their functions and importance. Additionally, it discusses data storage considerations, the booting process, and the concept of GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out).

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deetlof
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20 views18 pages

How Computer Work With Me and You

The document explains the difference between data and information, highlighting that data is raw and unorganized while information is processed and useful. It covers essential computer hardware components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and storage devices, detailing their functions and importance. Additionally, it discusses data storage considerations, the booting process, and the concept of GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out).

Uploaded by

deetlof
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Importa

nt parts
of
comput
er
Data Information

Data and Information


Data Information
• Data is raw, • When data is
Data and unorganized facts processed, organized,
Informatio that need to be
processed.
structured or
presented in a given
n • Data can be context so as to make
something simple it useful, it is called
and seemingly information.
random and
useless until it is
organized.
Data Data on computers is stored as numbers, which
consist of only 0s and 1s.
Computer memory is made up of electronic
components, which can either be on (1), or off
(0).
The smallest unit of data storage (0 or 1) is
called a bit.
Data and Information (examples)

Let’s discuss!
CAPACITY DESCRIPTION USED FOR
Kilobytes 1 024 bytes A normal Word document
(Kb) will need more or less
100 Kb
Megabyte 1 024 kilobytes Programs
s (Mb) Videos
Capacities of Music

storage
devices
Gigabyte 1 024 megabytes Minimum data allowance
(Gb) user likely to want -
browse web, use social
networks and check e-
mail for up to around 40
minutes per day. Ideal for
‘lighter’ users.
Terabyte 1 024 gigabytes External hard drives
(Tb)
Most important hardware
Motherboard
• Makes all computer components work together.
• Central hub where everything that makes up your
computer ‘communicate’ with each other.
• It is a circuit board that does look like a small city
complete with streets, buildings, and highways.
• Beware of physical damage like short circuits, water
damage, or heat damage.
• Make sure that system always has enough ventilation so
that the components connected to the motherboard (or
the motherboard itself) get protected from heat damage.
Central processing unit
• Processor, or central processing unit (CPU for short).
• ‘Brain’ of computer.
• Everything that goes on inside your system goes
through the CPU.
• Usually has a cooling fan on top of it - while processing,
CPUs can reach very high temperatures and need to be
constantly cooled
Random Access Memory
• RAM is the hardware in a computing device where the operating
system, application programs and data in current use are kept so
they can be quickly reached by the device's processor.
• RAM is the main memory in a computer.
• RAM takes care of most short-term processing for your system.
• Allows computer to do multiple tasks at once.
• The more memory you have, the faster your computer will perform.
• Temporarily stores data while program or file is in use and once you
turn off the system it closes all functions and programs running on
it.
• Volatile – retains data
Read-only memory
• ROM
• Refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or
semi-permanent data.
• Non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the
contents of ROM will remain.
• ROM contains the programming that allows a computer to
start up or regenerate each time it is turned on.
• ROM also performs large input/output tasks and protects
programs or software instructions.
• Once data is written on a ROM chip, it cannot be removed.
Power supply
• Converts the electrical power (AC) comes from wall
socket
to a suitable type and voltage (DC) so that each
component of a computer works properly.
Hard drive
• Hardware component that stores digital content, e.g.
documents, pictures, music, videos, programs,
application preferences, and operating system
represent digital content stored on a hard drive.
• Hard drives can be external or internal.

Internal External
HDD vs SSD
• A hard disk drive (HDD) - traditional storage device that
uses mechanical platters and a moving read/write head to
access data.
• A solid state drive (SSD) - newer, faster type of device that
stores data on instantly-accessible memory chips. No
moving parts. Less power.
Consideration Why?
s

Data storage Function What do you want to do on computer?


Capacity Storing images, movies, music and large
considerations documents - bigger quantity of drive
space.

Reliability Reliability is an attribute of any computer-


related component (software, or
hardware, or a network, for example) that
consistently performs according to its
specifications.

Speed How quickly new information can be


written to
What happens when computer is
switched on
• When you press the power button, the computer
supplies power to its components—the motherboard,
CPU, hard disks, solid state drives, graphics processors,
and everything else in the computer.
• In computing, booting is the process of starting
a computer. After it is switched on, a computer's central
processing unit (CPU) has no software in its main
memory, so some process must load software into
memory before it can be executed.
HOW DOES A
COMPUTER
WORK?

Did you realise


that functions of
a computer are
same as
Information
Processing
Cycle?
Arithmetic Logic Unit
• Digital circuit.
• Performs arithmetic and logic operations.
• The CPU (control unit) tells the ALU what operation to
perform on that data.
• ALU stores result in an output register.
• Control unit moves the data between these registers,
the ALU, and memory.
GIGO

• GIGO stands for Garbage


in, garbage out.
• The quality of output is
determined by the quality of
the input.

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