Scribd
Upload
2 views

Internet Protocols

Internet Protocols are essential rules for data communication over the internet, categorized into communication, management, and security protocols. Key examples include HTTP, TCP, SNMP, and SSL, each serving specific functions in data transfer, network management, and security. Ethernet technology, alongside the OSI model, plays a crucial role in network connectivity, with various cable categories like CAT5 and CAT6 supporting different bandwidths and speeds.

Uploaded by

emelyn aborot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Internet Protocols

Internet Protocols are essential rules for data communication over the internet, categorized into communication, management, and security protocols. Key examples include HTTP, TCP, SNMP, and SSL, each serving specific functions in data transfer, network management, and security. Ethernet technology, alongside the OSI model, plays a crucial role in network connectivity, with various cable categories like CAT5 and CAT6 supporting different bandwidths and speeds.

Uploaded by

emelyn aborot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

Internet Protocols

Introduction

Internet Protocols are a set of rules


that governs the communication
and exchange of data over the
internet. Both the sender and
receiver should follow the same
protocols in order to communicate
the data.
3 Main Types of Protocol

Communication protocols
Management protocols
Security protocols
Network Communication protocols also handle authentication
and error detection as well as the syntax, synchronization and
semantics that both analog and digital communications must
abide by to function.
Communication protocols include basic data
communication tools like:
HTTP – hyper text transfer protocol
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
IP - Internet Protocol
UDP User Datagram Protocol
IRC - internet Relay Chat
SSH - Secure Shell
Network management protocols help define the policies and
procedures used to monitor, manage and maintain your
computer network, and help communicate these needs across
the network to ensure stable communication and optimal
performance across the board.

Two of the most common types of network management protocols


include Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
Network security protocols work to ensure that data in transit over
the network's connections stays safe and secure. This helps
ensure that no unauthorized users, services, or devices access
your network data, and this works across all data types and
network mediums being used.

Some of the most popular protocols for network security include


Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
and Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS)
Other Network Protocol

Domain name system (DNS)


Dynamic Host Configuration
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Protocol (DHCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Ethernet Networking

Ethernet is a wired networking


technology that connects devices
to a network using cables.
OSI model
The Open Systems Interconnection model is a
reference model that describes the flow of data in a
network using seven layers that computer systems
use to communicate over a network. It was the first
standard model for network communications,
adopted by all major computer and
telecommunication companies in the early 1980s
The OSI 7 Layers
TCP/IP Model
Ethernet Collision
Collision

collision is the
situation that occurs
when two ends send
data at the same time
on a shared media,
on half-duplex media
The collision
mechanism is used
with another
mechanism that is
used to avoid
collisions on the
media. This
mechanism is called
CSMA/CD (Carrier
Sense Multiple
Access/Collision
Detect).
The collision
mechanism is used
with another
mechanism that is
used to avoid
collisions on the
media. This
mechanism is called
CSMA/CD (Carrier
Sense Multiple
Access/Collision
Detect).
What happens if there is a duplex or
speed mismatch on switch ports?

Mismatched speed and


duplex settings between
devices can cause
connectivity problems,
such as slow performance,
dropped packets, and
network downtime.
Ethernet Collision
Detection
a mechanism that allows
devices on a network to
control access and share
bandwidth when multiple
devices want to transmit
data at the same time.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access w
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

• Carrier Sense
• Collision Detection
• Collision resolution
Ethernet Cabling
Consistent speed

Ethern Reliable speeds


et is the backbone of the network cabling,
Cable connecting various devices such as computers,
routers, TVs, tablets, etc.
Ethernet Cables Structure
Ethernet Cable Types

Ethernet cables can be classified into


different types according to different
shielding types, categories, and styles.
Ethernet Cable Categories

CAT3: CAT3 is the third category of


Ethernet cable, composed of 3 twisted
pairs of copper wires. CAT3 cables were
used in the computer network in the
1990s, supporting 10-BaseT Ethernet. The
maximum bandwidth of the CAT3 cable is
16 MHz, and it is compatible with RJ11 or
RJ12 connectors.
Ethernet Cable Categories

CAT4: CAT4 cable is also


named as Category 4 cable,
which consists of 8 copper wires
twisted into four pairs. CAT4
cable was the first Ethernet
cable to use the RJ45 connector.
The frequency of the CAT4 cable
is up to 20 MHz.
Ethernet Cable Categories

CAT5: As the fifth category of


Ethernet cable, CAT5 cable also
features four twisted pairs of
copper wires. Most CAT5 cables
are unshielded on the market.
CAT5 cables were once widely
used in the home network, but it
has been gradually replaced by
CAT5E cables.
Ethernet Cable Categories

•CAT5E: The CAT5E cable is an


augmented version of the CAT5
cable. Invented in 2001, the
CAT5E cable was the first
Ethernet cable to reach
1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet)
speeds. CAT5E cables also use
RJ45 connectors, and they have
been prevalent in the past years.
Ethernet Cable Categories

CAT6: Category 6 cable was


published by Telecommunications
Industry Association in 2002, and it
did the most obvious structure. It
features a spline in the center to
reduce crosstalk from each pair of
copper wires. The maximum
bandwidth of CAT6 cable can reach
250 MHz, and the top speed can be
10 Gbps within 55 meters.
Ethernet Cable Categories

CAT6A: CAT6A cable was introduced in


2008, which is an augmented standard
of CAT6 cable. The maximum bandwidth
of CAT6A cable can reach 500 MHz, and
the maximum data rate is up to 10 Gbps.
CAT6A cables are generally used for
large business networks or data centers.
Ethernet Cable Categories

CAT7: CAT7 is not recognized by TIA or


ANSI and is a specification defined by
ISO/IEC. The CAT7 cable was designed
to be compatible with ARJ45 and GG45,
but it can also be used with RJ45
connectors.CAT7 Ethernet cables are
used primarily in data centers.
Ethernet Cable Categories

CAT8: CAT8 cable is the latest standard


of Ethernet cable. CAT8.1 was
introduced in 2016 and can reach a
maximum speed of up to 25 Gbps.
CAT8.2 was made for 40GBase-T
Ethernet. CAT8 cables are also mainly
used for data centers and other
professional applications.

Reference: https://www.vcelink.com/blogs/focus/ethernet-cable-101?
srsltid=AfmBOorGQMxW9dIekX7_b1F8iLsa8yUY81hxGftzV1eOixr4L8zUWozp
Ethernet Cable Categories
Ethernet Cable Styles

You might also like