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Introduction To Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes in humans and animals, derived from Greek words meaning 'soul' and 'to talk.' It encompasses various branches, including pure and applied psychology, focusing on understanding and influencing behavior through empirical research and observation. The field addresses diverse topics such as cognition, social interactions, and personality, aiming to solve problems and enhance self-knowledge.

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21 views31 pages

Introduction To Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes in humans and animals, derived from Greek words meaning 'soul' and 'to talk.' It encompasses various branches, including pure and applied psychology, focusing on understanding and influencing behavior through empirical research and observation. The field addresses diverse topics such as cognition, social interactions, and personality, aiming to solve problems and enhance self-knowledge.

Uploaded by

ahaanrayyan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

psychology
What is Psychology

 Derived from two Greek words


 Psyche means soul
 logos means to talk.
literal meaning of Psychology is: to talk about soul.

Definition
 Psychology is a science which deals with the behaviour and
minds of animals and human beings, both.
Facts about Psychology

 Psychology is an organized body of knowledge.


 It collects and analyze knowledge.
 Psychologist are trained in living a balanced life
 Anyone can visit a psychologist starting from a
counseling session to a major disorder
What Causes Behavior?

i o r
av
B eh
Psychology and Behavior
Psychology and Behavior Conti…

 Behavior is learned and can be unlearned


 Social learning perspectives are used in practice
(social-skills, modeling, etc)
 Behavior Modification is done according to condition
Behavior is Shaped by Culture

Literacy Rate

Social Interaction

Personal Space
Psychology and Science
 Psychology is Empirical
 Knowledge acquired through observation
 It is a systematic approach to the understanding of
people, their thoughts, emotions and behavior. The
application of this understanding helps to solve
human problems
Branches of Psychology
It has two main branches:
 Pure Psychology:

It deals with the psychological research and data which


helps to formulate the principles of activity

 Applied Psychology
It applies the information given by Pure Psychology, to the
problems of actual life.
Pure Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior with the
objective of understanding why living beings behave as they do. It deals
with the psychological research and data which helps to formulate the
principles of activity.
 Experimental Psychology (collecting data and doing research)
 Social Psychology (how and why individuals behave socially)
 Abnormal Psychology (analyzing abnormalities)
 Developmental Psychology (how organisms grow)
 Comparative Psychology (comparing living beings)
 Physiological Psychology (body’s response to a behavior in an organism,
happiness, depression, mood disorders etc.)
Applied Psychology
The basic premises of applied psychology is the use
of psychological principles and theories to overcome problems in
other areas, such as mental health, business
management, education, health, product design, ergonomics,
and law.
 Clinical Psychology (Mental and behavioral healthcare)
 Industrial Psychology (employee behavior at work)
 Educational Psychology (how humans learn and retain knowledge in
educational settings)
 Application of Psychology in Medicine (improving physical health of
patients using by applying psychological theories, scientific
psychological findings, and techniques of psychotherapy)
 Application of Psychology in Law (how individuals perceive and
interpret legal information)
The Four Primary Goals Of
Psychology
 Describing and Explaining Behavior

 Differentiating between normal, healthy and unhealthy


behaviors is the cornerstone of psychology, so it is
important that psychologists have a keen sense of
observation.

 the second goal of psychology, explaining. The attempt to


explain behavior based on observation is actually rather
difficult due to many factors. For instance, behavior varies
among culture and can change over time
 Predicting and Influencing Behavior

 Psychologists try to determine if a person is likely to make


healthy or unhealthy decisions when confronted with certain
situations. Most of the time, they will use experiments to make
their predictions.

 The last of the goals of psychology is to influence behavior.


This can be to change unhealthy behavior as well as
encourage already existing healthy behavior. There are many
methods used to influence behavior such as positive
reinforcement or rewarding good behavior.
Different Perspectives in Psychology

 Biological Psychology
 Behavioral Psychology
 Cognitive Psychology
 Social-Cultural Psychology
 Personality Psychology
 Experimental Psychology
 Educational Psychology
 Industrial Psychology
 Criminal Psychology
 Computational Psychology
Biological psychology

How the body and brain create emotions, memories,


and sensory experiences.

Biological psychology Includes the study


of psychology, biology, physiology,
biochemistry, the neural sciences and
related fields.
Biological psychology Conti…
 Biological psychology looks at the link between biology
and psychological events such as how information
travels throughout our bodies.
 The study of how all body processes function, including
the electrical and chemical processes necessary for
nervous system communication.
Behavioral Psychology

Behavior is Action in response to a cause

 Behavioral psychology is a branch of psychology


that focuses on observable behaviors.
Behavioral
Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Cognition means the mental processes involved in acquiring,
processing, storing & using information

Cognitive Psychology is the study of human


thought processes. Cognitive psychologists
study topics such as attention, memory,
perception, decision-making, problem
solving and language acquisition.
Cognitive Psychology Conti…
Cognitive psychology focuses on the way humans process
information, looking at how we treat information that comes
in to the person, and how this treatment leads to
responses.
This includes:
• Memory
• Problem-Solving
• Perception
• Language
• Information Processing
Social-Cultural Psychology

Stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture


in which they live.

 Baron, Byrne & Suls (1989) define social


psychology as .......“the scientific field that seeks to
understand the nature and causes of individual
behavior in social situations”
 Social psychology is about understanding
individual behavior in a social context
 Focuses on the fact that our interactions with
others in society affect not only our thought
process, but also our perception, and the manner
in which we make decisions.
 Begins in childhood and steadily gains
momentum as we grow older.
Personality Psychology

About personality, how it develops, and how it influences


our behavior

Personality psychology is a branch of psychology


which studies personality and individual different
processes - that which makes us into a person.
Experimental Psychology

A method of studying psychological phenomena


and processes.

 Experimental psychology is an area of psychology


that utilizes scientific methods to research the
mind and behavior.
Educational Psychology

General sense is a form of learning in which


knowledge, skills

 Educational psychology is the study of how humans


learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of
educational interventions, the psychology of teaching,
and the social psychology of schools as organizations.

 It involves learning process of early childhood and


adolescence, includes the social, emotional and
cognitive processes.
Industrial Psychology
Attitudes of employees and employers, organizational
behavior, workplace environment and its effects

 Industrial organizational psychology is an applied area of


psychology that involves using psychological theories and
principles to solve problems related to the workplace and
organizations.
 Concerned with efficient management of an industrial labor
force and especially with problems encountered by workers in
a mechanized environment.
Criminal Psychology

Criminal or forensic psychology focuses on criminals.

 Criminal psychology is the study of the wills, thoughts,


intentions and reactions of criminals, leading towards
the criminal behavior.
Computational Psychology
A discipline lying on the border between artificial
intelligence and psychology.

 It is concerned with building computer models of human


cognitive processes.
 t involves the use of computational models, algorithms, and
simulations to analyze, and predict human behavior.
The importance of psychology
 Self-Knowledge
Learning can be viewed as one purpose of life,
and self-knowledge can be viewed as an important
element of learning.
 Learning About Others
learning about oneself, the field of psychology
allows us to learn about others.
 Solving Important Problems
Theories and findings in psychology may help us
to solve important problems.
Development of psychology

 Development describes the growth of humans


throughout the lifespan, from conception to death.
 The scientific study of human development seeks
to understand and explain how and why people
change throughout life.
 This includes all aspects of human growth,
including physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
perceptual, and personality development.
Thank You

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