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Computer Hardwares Basic

The document provides an overview of computer hardware, defining a computer as an electronic machine that processes data. It details the components of a computer, including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and various peripherals, explaining their functions and interconnections. Additionally, it covers basic operations, the BIOS, and the Intel 'I' series generation of processors.

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Jorge Torno
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4 views

Computer Hardwares Basic

The document provides an overview of computer hardware, defining a computer as an electronic machine that processes data. It details the components of a computer, including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and various peripherals, explaining their functions and interconnections. Additionally, it covers basic operations, the BIOS, and the Intel 'I' series generation of processors.

Uploaded by

Jorge Torno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Hardware

Familiarization

Ronald Gomez
Senior Technical Solution Engineer
A Computer is:
An electronic machine that can be programmed to
accept data (input), and process it into useful information
(output).

Hardware is the physical parts or components of a


computer, such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, and
so on, all of which are physical objects that are tangible

Software is instructions that can be stored and run by


hardware.
The System Unit
 Houses the central
processing unit, memory
modules, expansion
slots, and electronic
circuitry as well as
expansion cards that
are all attached to the
motherboard; along with
disk drives, a fan or fans
to keep it cool, and the
power supply.
 All other devices
(monitor, keyboard,
mouse, etc., are linked
either directly or
indirectly into the
system unit.
Case
 The computer case is a plastic or metal enclosure that
houses most of the components. Though a case can
basically be big or small, what matters more is which
form factor of motherboard it’s designed for.
The Motherboard

 It is the main circuit board of a microcomputer that


connects the other parts of the computer.

 It contains the central processing unit (CPU), the Basic


Input/output System (BIOS), memory slots, mass storage
interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and
all the controllers for standard peripheral devices like the
keyboard, disk drive and display screen.
Typical parts
of a motherboard
Motherboard Backplane I/O Ports
Motherboard Backplane I/O Ports
Processor/CPU
 The CPU (Central Processing
Unit) performs most of the
calculations which enable a
computer to function, and is
sometimes referred to as the
"brain" of the computer. It is
usually cooled by a heat sink
and fan. Most new CPUs include
an on-die Graphics Processing
Unit (GPU). All the instructions
you give the computer - like a
click of a mouse which processes
in billions of cycles per second.
Hard Drive
- Is a non-volatile storage
device
- Is a data storage
device used for storing
and retrieving digital
information using rapidly
rotating disks (platters)
coated with magnetic
material.
- Data is read in a random-
access manner, meaning
individual blocks of data
can be stored or
retrieved in any order
rather than sequentially.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
 It stores the operating system programs that
manage the operation of the computer.
 RAM is Volatile storage:
 Power goes, data goes

 More memory = larger workspace


 Large programs = large number of
instructions

 Data/instructions are copied into memory as


needed.
 Not enough memory or corruption of
data/instructions in memory can cause
crash.
Optical Disc
Drive (ODD)

• is a disk drive that uses laser light


or electromagnetic waves within
or near the visible light
spectrum as part of the process
of reading or writing data to or
from optical discs.

• Some drives can only read from


certain discs, but recent drives
can both read and record, also
called burners or writers
Video Card
 is an expansion card which
generates a feed of output
images to a display (such as
a computer monitor).
Frequently, these are
advertised
as discrete or dedicated
graphics cards.

 Includes a processing unit,


memory, a cooling
mechanism and connections
to a display device.
Power Supply
 A power supply unit (PSU)
converts AC to low-voltage
regulated DC power for the
internal components of
a computer. Modern
personal computers universally
use a switched-mode power
supply that automatically adapt
to the supply voltage.
Basic operations
 Power cord plugged in.
(If plugged into a power strip, turn it on. Includes
peripherals.)

 Power on the system.

 Observe the system for proper operation

 Properly shutdown the unit and unplug the cords from wall
outlet
THE BIOS
 Or Basic Input/Output System is a type of firmware used to perform
hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup)
and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
The BIOS firmware is built into PCs, and it is the first software they run
when powered on. The fundamental purposes of the BIOS in modern
PCs are to initialize and test the system hardware components, and to
load a boot loader or an operating system from a mass memory
device.

 Booting
Boot is short for bootstrap On modern general purpose computers, the
boot up process can take tens of seconds, and typically involves
performing a power-on self-test, locating and initializing peripheral
devices, and then finding, loading and starting an operating system.
Graphic
Representation of
Computer
Components
Intel “I” series generation

1st Nehalem
2nd Sandy Bridge
3rd Ivy Bridge
4th Haswell
5th Broadwell
6th Skylake

Model Core i3 Core i5 Core i7


Number of
2 4 4
cores
Hyper-
Yes No Yes
threading
Turbo boost No Yes Yes
K model No Yes Yes
 CACHE - is a component that stores data so future requests for that
data can be served faster

 Intel HD Graphics
#1 - Intel HD - In Intel's Pentium G series and 1st generation Core
i3/i5/i7 CPUs known as Nehalem / Lynnfield.

#2 - Intel HD 2000 / 3000 - In Intel's 2nd generation Core i3/i5/i7 CPUs


known as Sandy Bridge.

#3 - Intel HD 2500 / 4000 - In Intel's 3rd generation Core i3/i5/i7 CPUs


known as Ivy Bridge

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