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ELS Week 5

The document outlines the various organ systems in animals, detailing their unique characteristics and functions essential for survival. It emphasizes the interrelationships between these systems, such as the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, immune, nervous, endocrine, musculo-skeletal, and reproductive systems. The learning targets focus on understanding these systems and their roles in animal life.

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gilbert.delapena
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12 views25 pages

ELS Week 5

The document outlines the various organ systems in animals, detailing their unique characteristics and functions essential for survival. It emphasizes the interrelationships between these systems, such as the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, immune, nervous, endocrine, musculo-skeletal, and reproductive systems. The learning targets focus on understanding these systems and their roles in animal life.

Uploaded by

gilbert.delapena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOW ANIMALS SURVIVE

ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS


LEARNING TARGETS

❖ I can describe the unique characteristics and


functions of different organ system in representative
animals.

❖ I can analyze the functional relationships of the


different organ systems.

❖ I can appreciate the function of these organ systems


in ensuring animal survival.
CORE VALUES

Wholeheartedness
b. The learners will become active readers and
thinkers.
c. The learners will become good decision makers
and problem solvers.

Diversity
b. The learners will become passionate about learning
and working together with people from diverse
backgrounds.
PRE-SYNCHRONOUS
ACTIVITY
“WORK TOGETHER”

“Of all human body system,


which do you think is most
important? Explain your
answer.”
INTRODUCTION

Animals have a variety of organs and each


one develops functions. When comparing an
animal with a cell, it can be observed
the division of work in specialized
compartments, but at different scale. In
eukaryotic cell, these compartments are
mostly organelles, whereas in animals the
compartments are organs and systems.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Animals obtain oxygen from their environment with


their respiratory systems.
• The lungs of land-dwelling vertebrates gather oxygen
from the air, the gills of ocean-dwelling vertebrates
filter oxygen from the water, and the exoskeletons of
invertebrates facilitate the free diffusion of oxygen
(from water or air) into their bodies.
• The respiratory systems of animals also excrete carbon
dioxide, a waste product of metabolic processes that
would be fatal if left to accumulate in the body.
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Vertebrate animals supply oxygen to their cells via


their circulatory systems, which are networks of
arteries, veins, and capillaries that carry oxygen-
containing blood cells to every cell in their bodies.
• The circulatory system in higher animals is powered by
the heart, a dense mass of muscle that beats millions
of times throughout a creature's lifetime.
• The circulatory systems of invertebrate animals are
much more primitive; essentially, their blood
diffuses freely throughout their much smaller body
cavities.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• Animals need to break down the food they eat into its
essential components in order to fuel their metabolism.
• Invertebrate animals have simple digestive systems—in
one end, out the other (as in the case of worms or
insects). But all vertebrate animals are equipped with
some combination of mouths, throats, stomachs,
intestines, and anuses or cloacas, as well as organs
(such as the liver and pancreas) that secrete digestive
enzymes.
• Ruminant mammals such as cows have four stomachs
in order to efficiently digest fibrous plants.
THE EXCRETORY/URINARY SYSTEM

• All land-dwelling vertebrates produce ammonia, a


by-product of the digestion process. In mammals and
amphibians, this ammonia is turned into urea,
processed by the kidneys, mixed with water, and
excreted as urine.
• Interestingly, birds and reptiles secrete urea in solid
form along with their other wastes. These animals
technically have urinary systems, but they don't
produce liquid urine. Fish expel ammonia directly
from their bodies without first turning it into urea.
THE IMMUNE/LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• The immune system is responsible for distinguishing


an animal's native tissues from foreign bodies and
pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and parasites. It is
also responsible for mobilizing immune responses,
whereby various cells, proteins, and enzymes are
manufactured by the body to destroy invaders.
• The main carrier of the immune system is the
lymphatic system. Both systems only exist, to a
greater or lesser extent, in vertebrate animals, and
they are most advanced in mammals.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

• The nervous system is what enables animals to send,


receive, and process nerve and sensory impulses, as
well as to move their muscles.
• In vertebrate animals, this system can be divided into
three main components: the central nervous system
(which includes the brain and spinal cord), the
peripheral nervous system (the smaller nerves that
branch off from the spinal cord and carry nerve
signals to distant muscles and glands), and the
autonomic nervous system (which controls involuntary
activity such as the heartbeat and digestion).
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• In higher animals, the endocrine system is


made up of glands (such as the thyroid
and thymus) and the hormones these
glands secrete, which influence or control
various body functions
(including metabolism, growth, and
reproduction).
THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM

• Many invertebrate animals (such as


insects and crustaceans) have external
body coverings composed of chitin and
other tough proteins, called exoskeletons.
Sharks and rays are held together by
cartilage. Vertebrate animals are
supported by internal skeletons—called
endoskeletons—assembled from calcium
and various organic tissues.
THE MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM

• Muscles are the tissues that allow animals to


both move and control their movements. There
are three main components of the muscular
system: skeletal muscles (which enable higher
vertebrates to walk, run, swim, and grasp
objects with their hands or claws), smooth
muscles (which are involved in breathing and
digestion and are not under conscious control),
and cardiac or heart muscles (which power the
circulatory system).
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• All vertebrate animals, from fish to


reptiles to human beings, possess gonads,
which are paired organs that create
sperm (in males) and eggs (in females).
The males of higher vertebrates are
equipped with penises, and the females
with vaginas, milk-secreting nipples, and
wombs in which fetuses gestate.
LEARNING TARGETS

❖ I can describe the unique characteristics and


functions of different organ system in representative
animals.

❖ I can analyze the functional relationships of the


different organ systems.

❖ I can appreciate the function of these organ systems


in ensuring animal survival.

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