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Microprocessor design and course Lecture Two

The document provides an overview of Microcontroller Units (MCUs) and Microprocessor Units (MPUs), detailing their roles in embedded systems, which combine hardware and software for specific functions. It explains the components of MCUs, including memory, I/O ports, and support devices, as well as the communication between the MPU, memory, and I/O devices via the system bus. Additionally, it covers programming languages used for these systems, data formats, and applications of MCU-based systems.

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msimiyu888
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Microprocessor design and course Lecture Two

The document provides an overview of Microcontroller Units (MCUs) and Microprocessor Units (MPUs), detailing their roles in embedded systems, which combine hardware and software for specific functions. It explains the components of MCUs, including memory, I/O ports, and support devices, as well as the communication between the MPU, memory, and I/O devices via the system bus. Additionally, it covers programming languages used for these systems, data formats, and applications of MCU-based systems.

Uploaded by

msimiyu888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Microcontroller Unit (MCU) &


Microprocessor Unit (MPU) System
Basics

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Microcontrollers
2

 Embedded Systems
An embedded system is a combination of HW and SW
specifically designed to perform dedicated functions.
 In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger

system or product, as in the case of cooling system


controls in a car.
 Microcontroller Unit (MCU)
 An integrated electronic computing device that includes

the following three components on a single chip


 Microprocessor (MPU)
 Memory
 I/O (Input/Output) ports

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Microcontrollers
3

Support Devices
 Timers

 A/D converter

 Serial I/O

Common communication lines


 System Bus

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Block Diagram
4

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Microprocessor (MPU)
5

MPU
 Read instructions
 Process binary data

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Memory
6

Storage Device
 Addresses

 Registers

Major Categories
 Read/Write Memory
(R/W)
 Read-only-Memory
(ROM)

D7 D0
Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25
Input/Output Devices
7

Input Devices
 Switches and Keypads

 Provide binary information to the MPU

Output devices
 LEDs and LCDs
 Receive binary information from the MPU

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Microprocessor Controlled System
Layout
8

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Cont.
9

The MPU communicates with Memory and


I/O devices using the System Bus
 Address bus
 Unidirectional
 Memory and I/O Addresses
 Data bus
 Bidirectional
 Transfers Binary Data and Instructions
 Control lines
 Read and Write timing signals

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Example
10

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Example(detailed)
11

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Software
12

Machine Language
 Binary Instructions

 Difficult to decipher and write


 Error-prone(possible to replace a 0 with 1 by mistake)
 All programs converted into machine language for
execution
Instruction Hex Mnemonic Description Processor
1000000 80 ADD B Add reg B to Acc Intel 8085
0
0010100 28 ADD A, Add Reg R0 to Intel 8051
0 R0 Acc
0001101 1B ABA Add Acc A and B Motorola
1 6811
Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25
Cont.
13

Characteristics of Assembly Language


 Machine instructions represented in mnemonics

 One-to-one correspondence

 Efficient execution and use of memory

 Machine-specific

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Cont.
14

Characteristics of High-Level Languages


 BASIC, C, and C++

 Written in statements of spoken languages

 Machine independent

 Easy to write and troubleshoot

 Larger memory and less efficient execution

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Data Format using
15 8-bits (review)
Unsigned Integers
 All eight bits represent the magnitude of a number
 Bit7 to Bit0
 Range 00H to FFH (010 to 25510)

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Cont.
16

Signed Integers
 2's Complement
 Bit 7 is sign bit
 Positive numbers: 00H to 7FH (010 to 12710)
 Negative numbers: 80H to FFH (-110 to -12810)

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Cont.
17

Binary Coded Decimal Numbers (BCD)


 8 bits of a number divided into groups of four
 Each group represents a decimal digit from 0 to 9
 AH through FH are invalid
 Example: 0010 0101BCD = 2510

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


Cont.
18

American Standard Code for Information


Interchange (ASCII)
 Seven-bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations
(00H to 7FH)
 Represents English alphabet, decimal digits from 0 to
9, symbols, and commands

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


19

System hardware
 Discrete components
 Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O
 Components connected by buses
 Address, Data, and Control
System software
 A group of programs that monitors the function of

different units in an entire system

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


MPU-Based Time
and Temperature
20
System

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


MCU-Based Systems(Applications)
21

Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports,


and support devices (such as timers) on a
single semiconductor chip
Buses are generally not available to a system
designer
I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can
be programmed to perform different
functions

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25


MCU-Based Time
and Temperature
22
System

Sept Dec 2024 01/22/25

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