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SDG 15

The document discusses Sustainable Development Goal 15, which focuses on protecting terrestrial ecosystems, preserving biodiversity, and promoting sustainable livelihoods. It outlines various targets and initiatives aimed at ecosystem conservation, biodiversity preservation, and combating desertification, with specific examples from Pakistan and global success stories. The document emphasizes the need for stronger policies, international cooperation, and community engagement to overcome challenges and achieve sustainability by 2030.

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29 views11 pages

SDG 15

The document discusses Sustainable Development Goal 15, which focuses on protecting terrestrial ecosystems, preserving biodiversity, and promoting sustainable livelihoods. It outlines various targets and initiatives aimed at ecosystem conservation, biodiversity preservation, and combating desertification, with specific examples from Pakistan and global success stories. The document emphasizes the need for stronger policies, international cooperation, and community engagement to overcome challenges and achieve sustainability by 2030.

Uploaded by

parezey
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Protecting Life on Land:

Sustainable Development Goal 15

Presented by:
Abeera Latif, Arooj Shaheen, Shanza Muzammil, Muhammad Haris
Usman Javed, Muhammad Tayyab , Zeeshan Ahmed
Muhammad Hasnain, Haiqa Manzoor
Introduction to SDG-15
Key Aspects

 Terrestrial Ecosystems: Focus on protecting and restoring forests,


wetlands, drylands, and other terrestrial ecosystems.

 Biodiversity: Emphasis on preserving biodiversity, including plants,


animals, and microorganisms.

 Climate Regulation: Recognition of the critical role of terrestrial


ecosystems in regulating the climate, including carbon sequestration
and storage.

 Food Security: Importance of terrestrial ecosystems for food


production, including agriculture, forestry, and livestock

 Livelihoods: Emphasis on promoting sustainable livelihoods,


including eco-tourism, sustainable forest management, and non-
timber forest products.
Conservation of Ecosystems
 Target 15.1
It focuses on ensuring the protection and restoration of ecosystems including
forests, wetlands and frdhwater ecosystem.
 Efforts to protect these ecosystems include the establishment of protected
areas. Currently, 15.7% of the global land area is protected under various
conservation measures according to UNEP.

 Target 15.2
It calls for the promotion of sustainable forest management and the reduction of
deforestation.
 Efforts to counter deforestation include reforestation and afforestation, with
initiatives such as the Bonn Challenge aiming to restore 350 million hectares of
degraded land by 2030.

 Target 15.3
It focuses on restoring degraded lands and fighting desertification, which affects
around 1.5 billion people globally.
 Efforts include initiatives such as the Great Green Wall in Africa, which aims to
restore 100 million hectares of land by 2030 and the UN Decade on Ecosystem
Restoration (2021-2030) aimed at preventing, halting, and reversing the
degradation of ecosystems worldwide.
Biodiversity Preservation
Biodiversity supports 75% of global food crops, home to 80% of
terrestrial species, absorbs 2.6 billion tons of CO2, provides basis
for 25% modern medicine. But since 1970 Global wildlife
populations have declined by 69% which is quite alarming .

Targets for preservation by 2030:


 Target 15.5: Halt Biodiversity Loss: 1 million species face extinction due to
deforestation etc.
• Key Initiatives in Pak: Green Pakistan Program: to cover 15% of total land area
by 2030. Indus Dolphin Project improved population from 1,200 in 2001 to
1,987 in 2023
 Target 15.7: Combat Wildlife Crime: Illegal wildlife trade worth $20 billion
annually harms ecosystems.
• Key Initiative in Pak: Enforcement of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 &
establishment of Punjab Wildlife Rescue Center, which resulted in reduction by
25% in 5 years.
 Target 15.8: Control Invasive Species: cost economies $1.4 trillion annually.
• Key measures in Pak: Research and biocontrol programs, & SLMP led by the
National Agricultural Research Council.
Integration Policies
 Incorporating Ecosystem and Biodiversity Values into National
PoliciesContext:
• Ecosystems and biodiversity are vital for sustainable
development.
• National policies must embed these values in urban planning,
agriculture, and energy strategies.
• Aligning with global frameworks (e.g., SDGs, Aichi Targets)
ensures long-term sustainability.

 Financial and Technological Support for ConservationContext:


• Mobilize public and private funding for conservation efforts.
• Use technology like GIS, AI and remote sensing to enhance
ecosystem management.
• Foster international collaboration for resource and knowledge
sharing.
Global Success Stories
 Costa Rica: Turning Back Deforestation
• By 1987, Costa Rica lost most of its forests, leaving only 21% behind.
• By 2020, forest cover grew to 60%, helping both nature and the economy.
• Costa Rica’s forests now attract tourists, creating jobs and income.

 Brazil: Protecting the Amazon Rainforest


• In 2024, Amazon deforestation dropped by 30%, the lowest in years.
• The government fines companies for buying products from illegal deforestation.

 Satellites: Helping to Save Forests


• Satellites show where forests are being destroyed in real time.
• Satellites also measure how much carbon forests absorb.
• Tools like Restor help countries track forests and plan conservation efforts.

 Working Together: International Treaties to Protect Nature


• 196 countries are working together to protect nature and biodiversity.
• The goal is to save 30% of land and water by 2030.
• Global efforts have saved endangered species and protected habitats.
Pakistan’s Initiatives
 Forest Restoration
• The Billion Tree Tsunami Project restored 350,000 hectares of forest
in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, surpassing the Bonn Challenge target and
aims to plant 10 billion trees nationwide.

 Biodiversity Conservation
• Efforts like the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan focus
on protecting habitats in regions such as the Himalayas and
Karakoram, which house species like the snow leopard and Markhor.
• Protected areas have been expanded, including national parks and
wildlife sanctuaries.

 Combating Desertification
• Initiatives in regions like the Thar Desert and Cholistan focus on
reforestation, sustainable agriculture and water management.
Key Facts and Figures
• Forest cover ranks Pakistan 113th globally, highlighting the need for
continued conservation.
• Projects have not only supported ecosystems but also created green
jobs and promoted public-private partnerships.
Challenges to SDG-15

 Global Challenges to SDG 15:  Specifi c Challenges in Pakistan:


• Habitat Loss: Urbanizati on and agricultural expansion • Limited Public Awareness: Lack of educati on and awareness
destroy ecosystems and biodiversity. affects conservati on initi ati ves.

• Deforestati on: Unsustainable logging and land-use • Resource Constraints: Financial and technical limitati ons
changes lead to reduced forest cover and increased impede effecti ve implementati on.
carbon emissions.
• Policy Enforcement Gaps: Weak governance enables illegal
• Deserti fi cati on: Climate change and unsustainable logging, poaching, and habitat encroachments.
land practi ces degrade ferti le land into deserts.
• Way Forward: Global cooperati on, stronger policies,
• Funding Gaps: Insuffi cient fi nancial resources hinder increased funding and community engagement are essenti al.
conservati on and sustainable management efforts.
Call to Action
 Strengthening Policies on Conservation and Wildlife Crime:
• Governments should enforce stricter laws to protect wildlife. For example,
Kenya has banned ivory trade, imposing heavy penalties for offenders
• India has strengthened forest protection laws to curb illegal activities and
preserve biodiversity.

 Collaboration on Resource Management:


• Businesses, NGOs and local communities must work together for sustainable
resource use. For example, Patagonia uses recycled materials in clothing.
• WWF partners with local fishermen in Thailand to promote sustainable
fishing practices benefiting both the environment and local economies.

 Promoting International Cooperation for Shared Ecosystems:


• Countries should collaborate to protect shared ecosystems. For example, The
Amazon Rainforest countries, like Brazil and Peru, work together through the
ACTO.
• Nations along the Mekong River cooperate to manage water resources
sustainably, ensuring environmental and economic benefits for all.
Conclusion
 Global shortfalls: Only 17% of land and 10% of marine
areas are protected, with funding and enforcement
challenges according to UNEP.

 Pakistan’s commitment: Projects like Billion Tree


Tsunami show progress but need stronger enforcement
and awareness.

 International Collaboration needed: Treaties like the


Convention on Biological Diversity must enhance
accountability and aid to developing nations.

 Urgent actions: Integrate biodiversity into policies,


prioritize sustainability, and foster partnerships for 2030
targets.

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