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Skeletal Support

The document discusses the skeletal support system in animals, defining the skeleton as the framework that provides structure, defense, and movement. It categorizes skeletons into three types: exoskeletons, hydro-skeletons, and endoskeletons, detailing their characteristics and examples. Additionally, it explains the composition of skeletons, including materials like chitin, cartilage, and bones, and highlights the differences between cartilage and bone.

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26 views15 pages

Skeletal Support

The document discusses the skeletal support system in animals, defining the skeleton as the framework that provides structure, defense, and movement. It categorizes skeletons into three types: exoskeletons, hydro-skeletons, and endoskeletons, detailing their characteristics and examples. Additionally, it explains the composition of skeletons, including materials like chitin, cartilage, and bones, and highlights the differences between cartilage and bone.

Uploaded by

biochemists396
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Skeletal Support

Definition
The skeleton is the framework that supplies structure to the remainder of the body and helps with
movement. skeleton, the supportive framework of an animal body. The skeleton is a
tough and rigid structure of the body of animals that provides defense, shape, and assistance to the body
organs. It is composed of inorganic or organic substances or both

Certain types of skeletons usually characterize particular animal phyla, but there
are a limited number of ways in which an animal can form its skeleton. Similar
modes of skeleton formation have evolved independently in different groups to
fulfill similar needs. The cartilaginous braincase of the octopus and the squid,
which are invertebrates, has a microscopic structure similar to the cartilage of
Types Of Skeletal systems

Exoskeleton

Hydro-Skeleton

Endoskeleton.
Exoskeleton

Definition Examples

 Exoskeleton: Hard structures derived


from epidermis or dermis, present
outside the body and partly or almost
fully enclosing it is called exo­skeleton
Exoskeleton is found in insects
Hydro skeleton
Definition Examples
The hydro skeleton is not that important in higher forms, but it has
useful functions in lowly organised animals and in larval forms. The
fluid in the body under pressure—helping in locomotion, is considered
as hydro skeleton. The coelomic fluid in earthworm, the
haemocoelomic fluid in the foot of arthropods, molluscs and podocyst
of mollusc larvae, the notochord in Branchiostoma are considered as
hydro skeleton.
hydrostatic skeleton/hydro skeleton
The hydrostatic skeleton is made possible by closed fluid-filled internal spaces of
the body. It is of great importance in a wide variety of animal groups because it
permits the antagonistic action of muscles used in locomotion and other
movements. The fluid spaces are part of the gastrovascular cavity in the
Coelenterata, part of the coelomic cavity (between the gut and the body wall) in the
worms, and hemocoelic (i.e., in a type of body cavity consisting of a complex of
spaces between tissues and organs) or vascular in mollusks and arthropods
Endoskeleton
Definition Example

The skeletal structures present in the


body wall or in deep body tissue,
collectively known as endoskeleton.
Functions of the skeleton
Functions of the skeleton
What are skeletons made of
Solid skeletons consist of hard substances, such as bone,
cartilage, or cuticle. These can be further divided by location; internal skeletons
are endoskeletons, and external skeletons are exoskeletons. Skeletons may also be
defined by rigidity, Fish, amphibians, birds, mammals etc. Have skeletons made
of bone, Animals such as sharks, dogfish, rays, and skates have a skeleton which
is made solely of cartilage.

hydro skeleton, a flexible internal skeleton supported by fluid pressure


Forms of skeleton
• Chitin
• Cartilage
• Bones
Chitin

Chitin is a large, structural polysaccharide made from


chains of modified glucose. Chitin is found in the
exoskeletons of insects, the cell walls of fungi, and
certain hard structures in invertebrates and fish. This
extremely versatile molecule can form solid structures
on its own as in insect wings, or can combine with
other components like calcium carbonate to make even
stronger substances like the shell of a clam.
Cartilage

cartilage, connective tissue forming the


skeleton of mammalian embryos
before bone formation begins
and persisting in parts of the human
skeleton into adulthood. Cartilage is the
only component of the skeletons of
certain primitive vertebrates,
Bones

• Bones form the scaffolding that hold the


body together and allow it to move. But,
bones have other key roles, including
protecting vital organs, storing minerals,
and providing an environment for
creating bone marrow.

• Bones are living, active tissues that the


Differences between Cartilage and bone
Parameters Bone Cartilage
Structure Rigid, tough, and not flexible Flexible, and elastic
Cells Made up of Osteoblasts, Made up of chondrocytes
Osteoclasts and Osteocytes
Matrix Both organic and inorganic It is organic only in nature
Types Compact bones, and spongy or Hyaline, fibrous and elastic
Cancellous bones cartilage
Blood Supply Bones have rich supply of They don’t have blood vessels
blood through a network of
blood vessels
Calcium Salt Bone have rich calcium deposit Cartilage may or may not have
of calcium salt calcium salt
Growth direction Growth is bidirectional i.e. Growth is Unidirectional i.e.

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