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CEO Drying SVJ Part 2

The document discusses the drying rate curve, which illustrates the relationship between drying time and moisture content under various conditions. It explains the different phases of drying, including constant and falling rate periods, and provides methods for calculating drying time based on moisture content. Additionally, it includes design considerations and classifications of drying equipment, along with suggested further reading on various types of dryers.

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harshbhanushali0905
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5 views18 pages

CEO Drying SVJ Part 2

The document discusses the drying rate curve, which illustrates the relationship between drying time and moisture content under various conditions. It explains the different phases of drying, including constant and falling rate periods, and provides methods for calculating drying time based on moisture content. Additionally, it includes design considerations and classifications of drying equipment, along with suggested further reading on various types of dryers.

Uploaded by

harshbhanushali0905
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Drying Rate Curve

• Time required for drying can be determined from a knowledge


of the drying rate under a given set of conditions.
• Drying rate = f (T, Humidity, flow rate, transport properties of
the drying gas).
• Moist solid is taken on a pan and
kept suspended in drying chamber,
through which the drying gas is
passed.
• Change in mass of solid is recorded.
1
The Drying Rate Curve
• Let, Ws = mass of dry solids; a =
Different books use
exposed area of solid; Xi and Xf = different nomenclature

initial/final moisture content at time t


• Drying rate, N, can be written as,

• Here, dX/dt = slope of X vs t plot


• Negative sign is used because
moisture decreases with time and
hence dX/dt is inherently negative.
2
The Drying Rate Curve

Change in Moisture Content with respect to Time 3


The Drying Rate Curve
• PQ: solid gradually gets heated and
drying rate increases.
• QR: drying rate remains constant at
NC. The moisture content at point R
is called “critical moisture content”.
Typical Drying Rate Curve • RS: “first” falling rate period.
• ST: “second” falling rate period.
NOTE: The critical moisture content of a solid is not a constant quantity 4
Calculation of Drying Time
1. The required drying time for the given duty (Xi to Xf) can be
obtained by integrating the equation,

• The drying rate, N = NC from Xi till CMC, but N depends on X in


the falling rate period.
• If X ≥ XC then N = NC (= constant)
• If X ≤ XC then N = N(X)

5
Calculation of Drying Time
2. Hence, integration is done over two intervals separately

3. If drying rate N decreases with X as a linear function (such as


N = pX + q), the drying time may be expressed as,

6
Calculation of Drying Time
4. Since,
5. On substitution,

• tC = constant rate drying time


• tf = falling rate drying time

7
Calculation of Drying Time
6. Eq. 5 may be expressed in the form of equilibrium moisture,
X*, since drying rate N = 0 at X = X*
7. Thus,
8. Hence,

9. Substituting in Eq. 5,

8
Effect of Bed Thickness

Effect of Drying Rate and Bed Thickness on Critical Moisture Content 9


Effect of Drying Temperature

Effect of Drying Temperature on Drying rate 10


Question
Q2. A wet solid of 28% moisture is to be dried to 0.5% moisture
in a tray dryer. A laboratory test shows that it requires 8
hours to reduce the moisture content of the same solid to
2%. The critical moisture content is 6% and the equilibrium
moisture is 0.2%. The falling rate of drying is linear in the
free moisture content. Calculate the drying time of the solid
if the drying conditions similar to those in the laboratory test
are maintained. Assume that all moistures are expressed as
percent of dry mass of solid.
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Design Considerations

12
Decision Tree - Selection of Batch Dryers

13
Decision Tree - Selection of Continuous Dryers

14
Classification of Drying Equipments

Refer to your own assignments for more drying equipments 15


Suggested Further Reading
1) Direct heating batch dryers
a) Tray dryer
b) Truck dryer
2) Direct heating continuous dryers
a) Tunnel truck dryer
b) Belt or Band or Conveyer dryer
c) Rotary dryer

16
Suggested Further Reading
3) Indirect heating batch dryers
a) Jacketed shelf dryer
b) Agitated pan dryer
c) Conical vacuum dryer
4) Indirect heating continuous dryers
a) Indirect heating rotary dryer
b)Drum dryer
c)Freeze dryer
17
Suggested Further Reading
5) Air suspended drying systems
a)Fluidised bed dryer
b)Flash dryer
c)Spray dryer

6) Drying Calculations

7) Material and Energy Balances in Dryers


18

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