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RPH Lesson2

The document discusses the definition and types of historical sources, distinguishing between primary sources, which provide firsthand accounts, and secondary sources, which offer analysis and interpretation. It also covers the validity of sources through external and internal criticism, emphasizing the importance of evaluating authenticity and reliability. Additionally, it touches on the evolution of Philippine historiography and introduces the concept of 'pantayog pananaw,' which promotes a holistic perspective in understanding historical contexts.

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F GIDO, JILLIANE CLARE Q. Gido
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22 views12 pages

RPH Lesson2

The document discusses the definition and types of historical sources, distinguishing between primary sources, which provide firsthand accounts, and secondary sources, which offer analysis and interpretation. It also covers the validity of sources through external and internal criticism, emphasizing the importance of evaluating authenticity and reliability. Additionally, it touches on the evolution of Philippine historiography and introduces the concept of 'pantayog pananaw,' which promotes a holistic perspective in understanding historical contexts.

Uploaded by

F GIDO, JILLIANE CLARE Q. Gido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

History: Definition,
Issues, Sources, and
Methodology
Historical Sources

they are the materials or evidence that


historians use to study the past.
Historical sources can be documents,
objects, or even oral traditions that
help us understand what happened at
different points in history.
2 types of Historical Sources
Primary Sources: These are materials
that were created during the time
period being studied. They provide
direct evidence about the past.
• Examples: Diaries, letters,
photographs, government records,
newspaper articles from the time,
speeches, official documents, and
artifacts (like tools or clothing).
2 types of Historical Sources
Secondary Sources: These are
materials that interpret, analyze, or
summarize primary sources. They are
created after the events they
describe and provide a second-hand
account.
• Examples: History books,
documentaries, articles analyzing
past events, biographies, and
essays.
Primary Sources Secondary Sources

Created at the time of the


Created after the event
event

Provide firsthand accounts Provide analysis,


of history interpretation, or commentary

Examples: letters, photos, Examples: textbooks,


artifacts documentaries, reviews

Often more subjective Often more objective (based


(personal viewpoint) on research)
Validity of Sources
Criticism in historical sources refers to
the process of evaluating the
authenticity, credibility, and reliability of
documents or materials used as
evidence to reconstruct and interpret
historical events. Historians scrutinize
sources to assess their value and
limitations in contributing to an
accurate understanding of the past.
2 types of Criticism
External criticism is the practice of
verifying the authenticity of evidence by
examining its physical characteristics;
consistency with the historical characteristic
of the time when it was produced, and the
materials used for the evidence. Examples of
the things that will be examined when
conducting external criticism of a document
include the quality of the paper, the type of
the ink, and the language and words used in
2 types of Criticism
Internal criticism, on the other hand, is
the examination of the truthfulness of the
evidence. It looks at the content of the
source and examines the circumstance of
its production. Internal criticism looks at
the truthfulness and factuality of the
evidence by looking at the author of the
source, its context, the agenda behind its
creation, the knowledge which informed it,
and its intended purpose, among others.
External Criticism Internal Criticism

Focuses on the physical and


Examines the content of the
factual authenticity of the
source for reliability and meaning.
source.

Questions include: Is the


Questions include: Is the source information accurate? Does the
genuine? When, where, and by author have biases? What was the
whom was it created? context of the document's
creation?

Examples of issues considered:


Looks at the author’s intentions,
forgery, dating, authorship, and
assumptions, and potential biases.
origin.
Philippine historiography underwent several
changes since the precolonial period until the
present. Ancient Filipinos narrated their
history through communal songs and epics
that they passed orally from a generation to
another. When the Spaniards came, their
chroniclers started recording their
observations through written accounts. The
perspective of historical writing and inquiry
also shifted. The Spanish colonizers narrated
the history of their colony in a bipartite view.
Pantayog Pananaw
"Pantayog pananaw" is a Filipino term that can be
translated as "elevated perspective" or "holistic
viewpoint." It refers to a way of looking at a situation
or issue from a broader, more comprehensive, and
higher perspective. This perspective encourages
understanding things beyond the immediate or surface
level, promoting a deeper and more inclusive approach
to problem-solving or analysis. In a social or
philosophical context, it can mean considering the
interconnectedness of various elements, such as
individual, community, and societal factors, in
understanding a particular issue or concept.
Thank You

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