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SUBSCRIBE!!! #16 OSI Model
Open System Interconnect
(OSI Model)

2
 INTRODUCTI
ON
• Open systems interconnection basic reference model (OSI
reference model or OSI model) is an abstract description for
layered communications and computer network protocol
design. It was developed as part of the open systems
interconnection (OSI) initiative. In its most basic form, it
divides network architecture into seven layers which, from
top to bottom, are the application, presentation, session,
transport, network, data-link, and physical layers. It is
therefore often referred to as the OSI seven layer model.
OSI MODEL
 OSI Model's 7 Layers
APPLICATION Application to Application APPLICATION

Application to Application
PRESENTATION PRESENTATION

SESSION Application to Application SESSION

TRANSPORT Process to Process TRANSPORT

NETWORK Source to Destination NETWORK

Router Source to Destination

Hop to Hop
DATA LINK Switch DATA LINK
Hop to Hop

Hub and Repeater

PHYSICAL PHYSICAL
Physical Medium
 Data, Protocol & Activities
OSI Layers TCP/IP Suit Activities

Application Application To allow access to network resources

Telnet, FTP, SMTP, HTTP, DNS, SNMP, Specific address etc…

To Translate, encrypt, and compress

Presentation Presentation data

Session To establish, manage, and terminate

Session session

Transport To Provide reliable process-to-process

Transport SCTP, TCP, UDP, Sockets and Ports address Message delivery and error recovery

Network To move packets from source to

Network IP, ARP/RARP, ICMP, IGMP, Logical address destination; to provide internetworking

Data Link To organize bits into frames; to provide

Data Link IEEE 802 Standards, FDDI, PPP, Physical address Hop-to-hop delivery

Physical To Transmit bits over a medium; to provide

Physical Medium, Coax, Fiber, 10base, Wireless Mechanical and electrical specifications
Physical
Layer From data link layer To data link layer

110 10101000000010111 110 10101000000010111 Physical layer

Physical layer

Transmission medium

 One of the major function of the physical layer is to move data in the form of electromagnetic
signals across a transmission medium.

Its responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop (Node) to next.

Both data and the signals can be either analog or digital.


Transmission media work by conducting energy along a physical path which
can
 be wired or wireless
Physical characteristics of interface and medium (Transmission medium)

Representation of bits (stream of bits (0s or 1s) with no interpretation and encoded into signals)

Data rate (duration of a bit, which is how long it last)

Synchronization of bits (sender and receivers clock must be

synchronized) Line configuration (Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint)

Physical topology

Transmission mode (Simplex, half duplex, full duplex)
LAYER
From network layer To network layer

Data link layer H2 Data T2 H2 Data T2 Data link layer

To physical layer From physical layer

 Data link layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (Node) to the next.
 Concerned:
 Framing (stream of bits into manageable data units)
 Physical addressing (MAC Address)
 Flow Control (mechanism for overwhelming the receiver)
 Error Control (trailer, retransmission)
 Access Control (defining master device in the same link)
Network Layer
From transport layer To transport layer

Network layer H3 Data Packet H3 Data Packet Network layer

To data link layer From data link layer

 The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the source
host to the destination host.
 Concerned:
 Logical addressing (IP Address)
 Routing (Source to destination transmission between networks)
 TRANSPORT
LAYER
From session layer From session layer

Transport layer H4 Data H4 Data H4 Data H4 Data H4 Data H4 Data Transport layer

Segments Segments

To network layer From network layer

 The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to
another
 Concerned:
 Service-point addressing (Port address)
 Segmentation and reassembly (Sequence
 number)
 Connection control (Connectionless or connection
 oriented) Flow control (end to end)
Error Control (Process to Process)
SESSION
Layer
From Presentation layer To Presentation layer

H5 Data Data Data H5 Data Data Data Session layer

Session layer
Syn Syn Syn Syn Syn Syn

To transport layer From transport layer

 The session layer is responsible for dialog control and synchronization

 Concerned:
 Dialog Control (Half Duplex/Full duplex)
 Synchronization (Synchronization points, process inline within same
page)
 PRESENTATION
Layer
From application layer To application layer

presentation layer H6 Data H6 Data presentation layer

To session layer From session layer

 The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression and encryption

 Concerned:
 Translation (interoperability between different encoding system)
 Encryption (Privacy schemes)
 Compression (data compression)
 LAYER
USER USER
(Human or Program)
(Human or Program)

X.500 FTAM X.400 X.500 FTAM X.400

Application layer
Application layer
H7 Data Message H7 Data Message

To presentation layer From presentation layer

 The application layer is responsible for providing services to the user.

 Concerned:
 Network virtual terminal (Software)
 File transfer, access and management
 Mail services
 Directory services (access to distributed database sources for global information about various
objects and services)
Hope Guys You got the point of the Video
On Next Video :- TCP/IP Model