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Reported Speech

The document outlines the rules for converting direct speech into reported speech, including changes in tense, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. It provides specific examples for various types of sentences such as assertive, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory. Additionally, it explains how to handle mixed types of sentences in reported speech.

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26 views12 pages

Reported Speech

The document outlines the rules for converting direct speech into reported speech, including changes in tense, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. It provides specific examples for various types of sentences such as assertive, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory. Additionally, it explains how to handle mixed types of sentences in reported speech.

Uploaded by

tanishqkar123y
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reported

Speech
General Rules:
1. When the reporting verb (say, tell, inform, state, claim…) is in
the present or future tense, no change in tense or adverbs
of time and place is necessary.

Direct speech:
He says, “I don’t understand this question”.
Reported speech:
He says that he doesn’t understand this question.

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2. When the reporting verb is in the Past Tense, there is no
change of tense if the speech expresses a universal truth
or a habitual fact.

Direct speech:
The teacher said to us, “Water boils at 100˚ C.”
Reported speech:
The teacher told us that water boils at 100˚ C.

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3. When the reporting verb is in the Past Tense, there is a
change of tense and adverbs of time and place.

Direct speech:
He said: “I don’t understand this question”.
Reported speech:
He said that he didn’t understand that question.

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CHANGE IN TENSES
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED
SPEECH

present  past
present perfect  past perfect
past  past perfect

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CHANGE IN PRONOUNS
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

I  she/he
my  her/his
us  them
mine  hers/his
our(s)  their(s)

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CHANGE IN ADVERBS OF TIME &
PLACE
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

yesterday  the day before/the previous


day
tomorrow  the day after/the following
day
last month  the previous month
today  that day
here  there
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CONVERSION OF ASSERTIVE SENTENCES
a) The verb ‘said’ is changed to ‘told’ when an object follows
it.
b) The verb ‘said’ remains unchanged when it is not followed
by an object.

The coach said to the team, “Your fielding is not up to the


mark.”
The coach told the team that their fielding is not up to the
mark.

Ashok said, “I have bought tickets for the lawn tennis match.”
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Ashok said that he had bought tickets for the lawn tennis
CONVERSION OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
(COMMANDS, WARNINGS, REQUESTS)
Direct speech:
He said: “Go home.”
Reported speech:
He told me to go home. (Infinitive)

“Stay in bed for a few days”, the doctor said to me.


 The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.

“Don’t shout”, I said to Jim.


 I told Jim not to shout.
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CONVERSION OF INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES
a) WH-questions: WH-word stays as conjunction
b) YES-NO-questions: we introduce conjunction if or whether

He asked me, “Do you find law interesting?”


He asked me if I found law interesting.

The police officer said to us, “Where are you going?”


The police officer asked us where we were going.

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CONVERSION OF EXCLAMATORY
SENTENCES
a) The exclamatory sentences are changed into assertive
sentences.
b) The reporting verb is changed to ‘exclaimed with
joy/sorrow/delight/surprise.
c) The conjunction ‘that’ is used to introduce the reported
speech.
d) All exclamations and interjections are left out.

She said, “Oh! What a lovely dress.”


She exclaimed with admiration that it was a lovely dress.

The players said, “Bravo! We have scored more goals than the
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CONVERSION OF MIXED TYPE OF
SENTENCES
Ram said to me, “Are you tired today? Let us take the children
to the zoo. Tomorrow is a holiday, so we will be relaxed.”

Ram asked me if I was tired. He suggested that we


should take the children to the zoo. The next day was a
holiday so we would be relaxed.

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