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Hydrology Example

The document discusses methods for calculating mean rainfall over a basin using the isohyetal and Thiessen polygon methods, providing specific examples and calculations. It also addresses the determination of the optimum number of rain-gauge stations needed to limit error in rainfall measurement to 10%, and how to distribute additional stations. The existing network's accuracy in estimating average rainfall is calculated to be 85.2%.

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leogunners5
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4 views6 pages

Hydrology Example

The document discusses methods for calculating mean rainfall over a basin using the isohyetal and Thiessen polygon methods, providing specific examples and calculations. It also addresses the determination of the optimum number of rain-gauge stations needed to limit error in rainfall measurement to 10%, and how to distribute additional stations. The existing network's accuracy in estimating average rainfall is calculated to be 85.2%.

Uploaded by

leogunners5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#1.

Point rainfalls due to a storm at several


rain-gauge stations in a basin are shown in the
figure. Determine the mean areal depth of
rainfall over the basin by isohyetal method.

4
7
#2. The area shown in the figure is composed of a square
plus an equilateral triangular plot of side 10 km. The
annual precipitations at the rain-gauge stations located at
the four corners and centre of the square plot and apex of
the triangular plot are indicated in figure. Find the mean
precipitation over the area by Thiessen polygon method,
and compare with the arithmetic mean.

7
The Thiessen polygon is constructed by drawing perpendicular bisectors to the lines joining
the rain-gauge stations as shown in the figure. The weighted mean precipitation is computed
in the following table:
Area of square plot = 10 × 10 = 100
km 2 Difference = 50 km 2
Area of each corner triangle in the
square plot = 56/4 = 12.5 km 2

1 area of the equilateral triangular plot 1  1 10 10sin 60


  14.4
2

3 km 3  2 

Arithmetic mean  P  397  66.17 cm


n 6
which compares fairly with the weighted mean.

7. For the basin shown in the figure, the normal annual rainfall depths recorded and
the isohyetals are given. Determine the optimum number of rain-gauge stations to be
established in the basin if it is desired to limit the error in the mean value of rainfall to
10%. Indicate how you are going to distribute the additional rain-gauge stations required,
if any. What is the percentage accuracy of the existing network in the estimation of the
average depth of rainfall over the basin?

8
The optimum number of rain-gauge stations to limit the error in the mean value of rainfall to
p = 10%.

2 2
C   33.1 
N  v   
 p   10 
11
9
Additional rain-gauge stations to be established = N – n = 11 – 5 = 6
The additional six raingauge stations have to be distributed in proportion to the areas between
the isohyetals as shown below:
zone I II III IV V VI Total
Area (Km2) 410 900 2850 1750 720 550 7180
Area as decimal 0.06 0.12 0.40 0.24 0.10 0.08 1.00
N x area in decimal( N= 11) 0.66 1.32 4.4 2.64 1.1 0.88
Rounded as 1 1 4 3 1 1 11
Rain-guages existing 1 1 1 1 1 - 5
Additional rain guages - - - 2 - 1 6

These additional rain-gauges have to be spatially distributed between the different isohyetals
after considering the relative distances between rain-gauge stations, their accessibility,
personnel required for making observations, discharge sites, etc.
The percentage error p in the estimation of average depth of rainfall in the existing network,

C
p  Nv , putting N 
n
33.1
p  5  14.8%

Or, the percentage accuracy = 85.2%

10

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